Journal of Luminescence

Fluorescence line narrowing (FLN) and upconversion of tetragonal optical centers in Er3+: CaF2 crystals

E. E. Timofeeva, Gleb Silaev, Artem Shaidulin, А. В. Попов, Vladimir B. Anzin, V.N. Krasheninnikov, Yu. G. Vainer, Yu.V. Orlovskii

Published Apr 24, 2026• 1 citation

Publisher

DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121943

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Non-resonant fluorescence line narrowing (FLN) is used to examine resonances between excited states of ions. We discuss resonances between crystal field states in ruby, alexandrite and LaF3 : Pr3+ and between Zeeman sublevels in LaF3 : Er3+. We show that the latter is equivalent to excited state ESR, over which it can have many advantages.

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Journal of Luminescence

Fluorescence line narrowing (FLN) and upconversion of tetragonal optical centers in Er3+: CaF2 crystals

E. E. Timofeeva, Gleb Silaev, Artem Shaidulin, А. В. Попов, Vladimir B. Anzin, V.N. Krasheninnikov, Yu. G. Vainer, Yu.V. Orlovskii

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Laser-selective excitation and optical-absorption techniques have been used to establish comprehensive sets of energy levels for both the ${\mathit{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ and hydrogenic varieties of the tetragonal symmetry ( ${\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}$ ) centers in ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ . Polarization of the various spectral lines was used to determine the symmetry labels of many of the energy levels. Reversals of the ordering of some levels between ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ are found and, in particular, the two lowest levels ( ${\mathit{D}}_{1}$ and ${\mathit{D}}_{2}$ ) of the $^{1}$ ${\mathit{D}}_{2}$ multiplet, which are the originating levels for many of the observed emission transitions, have reversed-symmetry label assignments in ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ . Differences were found between the ground-state Zeeman splittings for the ${\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}$ ${\mathit{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ and ${\mathit{D}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ centers for both ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ . Fluorescence lifetimes of the ${\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}$ hydrogenic centers show a strong dependence on the particular charge-compensating ion present through nonradiative decay processes involving the respective local mode phonons. The upconversion spectra observed for ${\mathit{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, ${\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, and ${\mathit{D}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ varieties of the ${\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}$ centers in ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$ and for the ${\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}$ ${\mathit{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ center in ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ are all consistent with excitation of specific subsets of nearby ${\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}$ centers.Laser-selective excitation and optical-absorption techniques have been used to establish comprehensive sets of energy levels for both the ${\mathit{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ and hydrogenic varieties of the tetragonal symmetry (${\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}$) centers in ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$. Polarization of the various spectral lines was used to determine the symmetry labels of many of the energy levels. Reversals of the ordering of some levels between ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ are found and, in particular, the two lowest levels (${\mathit{D}}_{1}$ and ${\mathit{D}}_{2}$) of the $^{1}$${\mathit{D}}_{2}$ multiplet, which are the originating levels for many of the observed emission transitions, have reversed-symmetry label assignments in ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$. Differences were found between the ground-state Zeeman splittings for the ${\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}$ ${\mathit{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ and ${\mathit{D}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ centers for both ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$. Fluorescence lifetimes of the ${\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}$ hydrogenic centers show a strong dependence on the particular charge-compensating ion present through nonradiative decay processes involving the respective local mode phonons. The upconversion spectra observed for ${\mathit{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, ${\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, and ${\mathit{D}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ varieties of the ${\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}$ centers in ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$ and for the ${\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}$ ${\mathit{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ center in ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ are all consistent with excitation of specific subsets of nearby ${\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}$ centers.

Physical review. B, Condensed matterSep 1, 199234 citations

EXCITED STATE ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE USING NON-RESONANT FLUORESCENCE LINE NARROWING

D. J. Sox, Sara A. Majetich, John E. Rives +1 more

Le Journal de Physique ColloquesOct 1, 19851 citation

{\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}

) centers in

{\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}

and

{\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}

. Polarization of the various spectral lines was used to determine the symmetry labels of many of the energy levels. Reversals of the ordering of some levels between

{\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}

and

{\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}

are found and, in particular, the two lowest levels (

{\mathit{D}}_{1}

and

{\mathit{D}}_{2}

) of the

^{1}

{\mathit{D}}_{2}

multiplet, which are the originating levels for many of the observed emission transitions, have reversed-symmetry label assignments in

{\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}

and

{\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}

. Differences were found between the ground-state Zeeman splittings for the

{\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}

${\mathit{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ and ${\mathit{D}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ centers for both

{\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}

and

{\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}

. Fluorescence lifetimes of the

{\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}

hydrogenic centers show a strong dependence on the particular charge-compensating ion present through nonradiative decay processes involving the respective local mode phonons. The upconversion spectra observed for ${\mathit{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, ${\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, and ${\mathit{D}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ varieties of the

{\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}

centers in

{\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}

and for the

{\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}

${\mathit{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ center in

{\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}

are all consistent with excitation of specific subsets of nearby

{\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}

centers.