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Journal of Luminescence

Nuclear spin-flip sidebands in optical spectral holeburning and fluorescence line narrowing of the Er3+ ion

Reinhold Wannemacher, R. M. Macfarlane, Y.P. Wang, D. J. Sox, D.M. Boye, Richard S. Meltzer

Published Jan 1, 1991• 18 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0022-2313(91)90129-j

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We report the results of time–resolved optical holeburning of Er3+ ions in YLiF4 (0.02%). In earlier work for H//c we described the time evolution of holes burned at 33kG using laser scanning over a frequency of 40MHz1 and we reported, using larger scans, the occurence of optical side holes. We now describe results for H⊥c with scans > 400 MHz using a new Zeeman technique for frequency scanning the optical transition frequencies which allow one to study the time evolution of the holes and their associated sideholes. The hole lineshapes evolve with time reaching a linewidth of ≃ 10 MHz after 600 μs. We identify the source of the time evolution of the hole shape as spectral diffusion resulting from mutual spin flips of the surrounding fluorine nuclei whose flip rates are strongly modified from the bulk rates by the presence of the large magnetic moment of the Er3+ ion which produces a "frozen core". A computer simulation which takes into account the details of the dynamics of the frozen core successfully describes the time evolution of the holes, confirming the dominant role of F nuclear spin flips.

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Week-long-lifetime microwave spectral holes in an erbium-doped scheelite crystal at millikelvin temperature

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Rare-earth-ions (REI) doped crystals have remarkable optical and spin properties characterized by narrow homogeneous linewidths, which can be studied despite the large inhomogeneous broadening of the ensemble line through spectral hole burning (SHB). Here, we report SHB spectroscopic measurements in a scheelite crystal of CaWO4 by pumping the spin transition of a paramagnetic REI (Er3+) at microwave frequency and millikelvin temperatures, with nuclear spin states of neighboring 183W atoms serving as the auxiliary levels. The repeated application of pairs of microwave pulses generates a periodic modulation of the Er3+ density profile, which we observe spectrally and in the time-domain as an accumulated echo. The lifetime of the holes and accumulated echoes rises steeply as the sample temperature is decreased, exceeding a week at 10mK. Our results demonstrate that millikelvin temperatures can be beneficial for signal processing applications requiring long spectral hole lifetimes. The authors report spectral hole burning with a record hole lifetime in a Er3+ doped scheelite crystal CaWO4 at mK temperatures. This can benefit applications in classical and quantum information processing.

Nature Communications•Oct 10, 2025•4 citations
We report the results of time–resolved optical holeburning of Er3+ ions in YLiF4 (0.02%). In earlier work for H//c we described the time evolution of holes burned at 33kG using laser scanning over a frequency of 40MHz1 and we reported, using larger scans, the occurence of optical side holes. We now describe results for H⊥c with scans > 400 MHz using a new Zeeman technique for frequency scanning the optical transition frequencies which allow one to study the time evolution of the holes and their associated sideholes. The hole lineshapes evolve with time reaching a linewidth of ≃ 10 MHz after 600 μs. We identify the source of the time evolution of the hole shape as spectral diffusion resulting from mutual spin flips of the surrounding fluorine nuclei whose flip rates are strongly modified from the bulk rates by the presence of the large magnetic moment of the Er3+ ion which produces a "frozen core". A computer simulation which takes into account the details of the dynamics of the frozen core successfully describes the time evolution of the holes, confirming the dominant role of F nuclear spin flips.
Rare-earth-ions (REI) doped crystals have remarkable optical and spin properties characterized by narrow homogeneous linewidths, which can be studied despite the large inhomogeneous broadening of the ensemble line through spectral hole burning (SHB). Here, we report SHB spectroscopic measurements in a scheelite crystal of CaWO4 by pumping the spin transition of a paramagnetic REI (Er3+) at microwave frequency and millikelvin temperatures, with nuclear spin states of neighboring 183W atoms serving as the auxiliary levels. The repeated application of pairs of microwave pulses generates a periodic modulation of the Er3+ density profile, which we observe spectrally and in the time-domain as an accumulated echo. The lifetime of the holes and accumulated echoes rises steeply as the sample temperature is decreased, exceeding a week at 10mK. Our results demonstrate that millikelvin temperatures can be beneficial for signal processing applications requiring long spectral hole lifetimes. The authors report spectral hole burning with a record hole lifetime in a Er3+ doped scheelite crystal CaWO4 at mK temperatures. This can benefit applications in classical and quantum information processing.