Dual Nature of Quantum Tunneling in the Framework of Boundary Interface Theory: Topological Knot Unraveling and 4D Normal-Direction Penetration of Standing Waves / 边界膜理论框架下量子隧穿的二元本质:拓扑结松解与驻波法向穿透
This work presents a systematic study on the dual nature of quantum tunneling within the self-consistent axiomatic framework of Boundary Interface Theory (BIT). It strictly distinguishes two fundamentally distinct quantum tunneling mechanisms: nuclear fusion tunneling, which arises from 4D normal‑direction yielding of the boundary membrane and the unraveling of rigid topological knots; and electron tunneling, which corresponds to direct 4D normal‑direction penetration of membrane standing waves. The theory provides a unified microscopic geometric and mechanical origin for quantum tunneling and the strong interaction without introducing new particles, free parameters, or extra dimensions. Both Chinese and English full texts are included for open access and cross‑lingual academic reference.
This work presents a systematic study on the dual nature of quantum tunneling within the self-consistent axiomatic framework of Boundary Interface Theory (BIT). It strictly distinguishes two fundamentally distinct quantum tunneling mechanisms: nuclear fusion tunneling, which arises from 4D normal‑direction yielding of the boundary membrane and the unraveling of rigid topological knots; and electron tunneling, which corresponds to direct 4D normal‑direction penetration of membrane standing waves. The theory provides a unified microscopic geometric and mechanical origin for quantum tunneling and the strong interaction without introducing new particles, free parameters, or extra dimensions. Both Chinese and English full texts are included for open access and cross‑lingual academic reference.
Abstract Based on the photon topological origin system established in the publicly archived general outline literature (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20757086) and the model framework of the first special topic paper in this series, Research on Quantum Transition Mechanism Based on Photon Figure-Eight Topological Structure (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20769730), this paper constructs the microscopic mechanism of quantum tunneling entirely within the three-dimensional physical framework. Under the core assumption that an electron is a self-closed figure-eight topological standing wave structure formed by coiled photons, this paper defines a potential barrier as a localized region of external potential energy field that causes compression and distortion of the electron’s figure-eight standing wave. When the total electron energy is below the classical barrier height, the standing wave undergoes temporary topological distortion within the barrier region, with wavefunction edges penetrating outward and forming a weak tail on the other side. When the phase of this penetrating tail satisfies weak coupling conditions with the standing wave outside the barrier, the entire topological closed loop completes spatial displacement through waveform penetration, without needing to surmount the barrier. This paper adopts the same “base amplitude and superposed amplitude” framework as the first paper: during tunneling, the total circumference and base amplitude of the electron’s figure-eight closed loop remain unchanged, and rest mass remains constant; only the spatial distribution of the standing wave changes temporarily. This model provides a complete physical interpretation of tunneling from the perspective of internal particle topological standing wave, without introducing abstract probability interpretations or complex high-dimensional assumptions. 摘要 本文依托已公开存档的体系总纲文献(DOI:10.5281/zenodo.20757086)所建立的光子拓扑本源体系,以及系列专题首篇《基于光子八字拓扑结构的量子跃迁机制研究》(DOI:10.5281/zenodo.20769730)的模型设定,在纯三维物理框架内构建量子隧穿的微观机制。 基于 “电子为光子自缠绕形成的八字闭环驻波拓扑结构” 这一核心设定,本文将势垒定义为对电子八字驻波产生局域挤压的外部势能场区域。当电子总能量低于势垒经典高度时,电子八字驻波在势垒区发生临时拓扑畸变,波函数边缘向外渗透,在势垒另一侧形成微弱波尾;当渗透波尾与势垒外侧的驻波相位满足弱耦合条件时,整个拓扑闭环通过波形渗透完成空间平移,无需整体翻越势垒。 本文延续首篇的 “基底振幅与叠加振幅” 二分框架:隧穿过程中电子八字闭环总周长、基底振幅不变,静质量保持恒定;临时变化的仅为驻波空间分布形态。全程采用三维直观物理图像,不引入抽象概率诠释或复杂高维假设,跳出传统波函数概率化的数学描述,从电子内部拓扑驻波结构层面给出隧穿完整的物理成因。 关键词: 量子隧穿;八字拓扑;驻波;势垒畸变;波形渗透;弱耦合
Based on the PFUSRC 45° triple coaxial bicone topology, cone-prism interlayer domain, and universal rigid axiom system, this paper reconstructs the ontological origin and dynamic framework of quantum tunneling. We strictly distinguish the 4D global space from the cone-prism interlayer quasi-void domain, and point out that quantum tunneling is not “penetration through a barrier” in ordinary space, but a directional propagation of wavefunctions along topological vertices inside the interlayer. This paper introduces the passive-autonomous behavior dichotomy into tunneling theory: passive influence is determined by interlayer geometry, vertex position, and boundary constraints; autonomous behavior originates from coupling-zero perturbations and ζ-element order control, manifesting as intrabarrier recollision, path selection, symmetry breaking, and cooperative tunneling of massive clusters. Recent authoritative experiments show that all anomalous tunneling phenomena can be uniformly explained as responses to conforming or inverse primordial bicone topology. When the structure is inverse to the optimal topology, obvious anomalies appear, which are defined as inverse primordial cone behaviors. The theory is self-consistent, falsifiable, and supported by reliable experimental evidence.
Based on the PFUSRC 45° triple coaxial bicone topology, cone-prism interlayer domain, and universal rigid axiom system, this paper reconstructs the ontological origin and dynamic framework of quantum tunneling. We strictly distinguish the 4D global space from the cone-prism interlayer quasi-void domain, and point out that quantum tunneling is not “penetration through a barrier” in our daily space, but a directional propagation of wavefunctions along topological vertices inside the interlayer. This paper introduces the passive-autonomous behavior dichotomy into tunneling theory: passive influence is determined by interlayer geometry, vertex position, and boundary constraints; autonomous behavior originates from coupling-zero perturbations and ζ-element order control, manifesting as intraboundary recollision, path selection, symmetry breaking, and cooperative tunneling of massive clusters. Recent authoritative experiments show that all anomalous tunneling phenomena can be uniformly explained as the response of conforming or inverse primordial bicone topology. When the structure is inverse to the optimal topology, obvious anomalies appear, which are called inverse primordial cone behaviors. The theory is self-consistent, falsifiable, and supported by reliable experimental evidence.
Based on the PFUSRC 45° triple coaxial bicone topology, cone-prism interlayer domain, and universal rigid axiom system, this paper reconstructs the ontological origin and dynamic framework of quantum tunneling. We strictly distinguish the 4D global space from the cone-prism interlayer quasi-void domain, and point out that quantum tunneling is not “penetration through a barrier” in our daily space, but a directional propagation of wavefunctions along topological vertices inside the interlayer. This paper introduces the passive-autonomous behavior dichotomy into tunneling theory: passive influence is determined by interlayer geometry, vertex position, and boundary constraints; autonomous behavior originates from coupling-zero perturbations and ζ-element order control, manifesting as intraboundary recollision, path selection, symmetry breaking, and cooperative tunneling of massive clusters. Recent authoritative experiments show that all anomalous tunneling phenomena can be uniformly explained as the response of conforming or inverse primordial bicone topology. When the structure is inverse to the optimal topology, obvious anomalies appear, which are called inverse primordial cone behaviors. The theory is self-consistent, falsifiable, and supported by reliable experimental evidence. Keywords
The nonlocal correlation mechanism of quantum entanglement and the underlying dynamics of barrier penetration in quantum tunneling constitute long-standing foundational explanatory gaps in standard quantum mechanics. While the standard theory can accurately describe the phenomena and provide probabilistic outcomes, it cannot offer a geometric-topological origin at the spacetime level. Based on the foundational axioms of three-dimensional vector light-speed helical spacetime, this paper establishes a self-consistent geometric explanatory framework: microscopic quantum effects are attributed to emergent behaviors arising from the helical structure of spacetime, topological bonding, and spacetime curvature resonance. The contributions of this paper include: 1. Establishing the core axioms of three-dimensional helical spacetime and a three-level spacetime normalization equation, constructing a low-energy emergence mechanism for four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, and resolving the self-consistency conflict between the old and new definitions of spacetime; 2. Deriving the topological throat structure for two-particle entanglement based on the principle of topological bonding stability, providing the spacetime geometric origin of nonlocal correlations in entanglement and a finite propagation time delay; 3. Building an eigenfrequency model of spacetime distortion in the potential barrier, formulating the geometric resonance condition for quantum tunneling, and deriving a discrete resonance tunneling prediction distinct from the WKB approximation; 14. Independently deriving the mass-energy equivalence relation, the Lorentz transformation, and the Bohr radius from the model’s axioms, thereby verifying the low-energy self-consistency of the frame work; 5. Presenting a complete first-order perturbation integral derivation for the hydrogen 1S-2S transition, yielding a quantifiable and verifiable prediction for a spectral shift; 6. Explicitly listing the mathematical limitations of the model, its boundary of applicability, and falsifiable experimental protocols. This framework offers a geometric alternative explanatory system distinct from standard quan tum mechanics and quantum field theory. All quantitative results and predictions are preserved for long-term academic scrutiny. Keywords: vector light speed; helical spacetime; topological throat; spacetime topological bonding; geometric resonant tunneling; quantum entanglement; hydrogen atomic spectral shift
Topological quantum computing is an emerging field that leverages the mathematical structures of knots and braids to encode and manipulate quantum information. However, the topological nature of quantum tunneling remains largely unexplored. In this work, we introduce a novel paradigm for quantum tunneling based on the knot representation of quantum wavefunctions, where Reidemeister moves—interpreted as braid group operators—govern the wavefunction’s evolution. Specifically, we propose four distinct models for topological quantum tunneling: (1) tunneling via Reidemeister transitions, (2) tunneling on a ring-domain, (3) tunneling under space-time curvature, and (4) tunneling influenced by gravitational potential. By establishing a rigorous connection between knot theory, braid group structures, and quantum tunneling, our approach provides a new framework for understanding quantum transport in complex environments. The broader impact of this work lies in bridging topological quantum mechanics with quantum biology and life sciences, opening new avenues for interdisciplinary research in quantum information processing and biophysical modeling.