Abstract We propose two novel protocols for bidirectional quantum teleportation (BQT) of qutrit states in multi-party settings: a cyclic BQT protocol enabling simultaneous state exchange among three or more users, and a controlled BQT protocol incorporating a supervisory authorization mechanism. Both protocols leverage optimized multi-qutrit entangled channels and deterministic measurement-based correction schemes. We derive exact analytical expressions for the state-independent average fidelities under all four types of three-dimensional Pauli-like noise channels: trit-flip, t-phase-flip, trit-phase-flip, and t-depolarizing. Our results demonstrate a linear fidelity degradation with noise parameter p , yet both protocols maintain superior resource efficiency and security compared to conventional two-party BQT. The cyclic protocol achieves a 33% reduction in entanglement resource consumption compared to sequential two-party implementations, while the controlled protocol ensures unconditional security against unauthorized access. These advances establish a practical framework for high-dimensional quantum networks and secure distributed quantum applications.
Abstract We propose two novel protocols for bidirectional quantum teleportation (BQT) of qutrit states in multi-party settings: a cyclic BQT protocol enabling simultaneous state exchange among three or more users, and a controlled BQT protocol incorporating a supervisory authorization mechanism. Both protocols leverage optimized multi-qutrit entangled channels and deterministic measurement-based correction schemes. We derive exact analytical expressions for the state-independent average fidelities under all four types of three-dimensional Pauli-like noise channels: trit-flip, t-phase-flip, trit-phase-flip, and t-depolarizing. Our results demonstrate a linear fidelity degradation with noise parameter p , yet both protocols maintain superior resource efficiency and security compared to conventional two-party BQT. The cyclic protocol achieves a 33% reduction in entanglement resource consumption compared to sequential two-party implementations, while the controlled protocol ensures unconditional security against unauthorized access. These advances establish a practical framework for high-dimensional quantum networks and secure distributed quantum applications.
Quantum teleportation has evolved from single-qubit, unidirectional communication to multi-qubit and multidirectional protocols. However, most existing schemes rely on protocol-specific entangled resources, motivating the development of universal quantum channels capable of supporting multiple communication tasks simultaneously. In this work, we demonstrate that a single twelve-qubit entangled channel exhibits such versatility by enabling the bidirectional teleportation of arbitrary three-qubit states and the cyclic teleportation of arbitrary two-qubit states through local Bell-state measurements and single-qubit operations. Both protocols are further generalized to multi-qubit and multi-party configurations, establishing the scalability of the proposed framework. To assess its practical applicability, the protocols are analyzed under amplitude-damping, phase-damping, bit-flip, phase-flip, and depolarizing noise channels by plotting the teleportation fidelity as a function of both the input-state parameters and noise strength. The analysis reveals distinct noise sensitivities, with the bidirectional protocol remaining perfectly faithful under bit-flip noise for all input states and noise strengths, while the cyclic protocol is consistently more vulnerable to environmental disturbances. The proposed schemes achieve an intrinsic efficiency of 25%, which is compared with several existing protocols. The framework therefore provides a scalable and resource-efficient approach to unified quantum communication in realistic noisy quantum networks.
Abstract This work presents a three-party cyclic quantum teleportation protocol realized through a nine-qubit resource state. In this framework, Alice, Bob, and Charlie simultaneously exchange their respective unknown two-qubit entangled states in a closed-loop configuration using local Bell-state measurements and single-qubit operations with each participant acting as both sender and receiver. We show that the direction of information transfer can be reversed by suitably reallocating the channel qubits among the users, without needing to change the channel state altogether. The scheme is further generalized to an N -party network, enabling cyclic exchange of quantum information through a suitably extended channel. We further demonstrate the practical viability by implementing the proposed nine-qubit quantum channel on a real quantum processor, allowing characterization of its behaviour under realistic hardware noise. The protocol was simulated incorporating five standard noise models were performed to study the teleportation fidelity as a function of both the noise strength and the input-state amplitudes, revealing a clear dependence on initial-state parameters and decoherence rates. Finally, the intrinsic efficiency of the protocol was evaluated and found to surpass that of existing approaches, highlighting its promise for scalable multi-party quantum communication networks.
In order to explore multi-directional quantum communication in a three-dimensional (3D) system, five-, seven- and [Formula: see text]-qutrit entangled states are constructed by 3D-Hadamard gates and 3D-controlled-NOT gates in this paper. Then a new scheme of controlled bidirectional quantum teleportation (QT) via five-qutrit entangled channel is proposed, where two observers can exchange their unknown single-qutrit states at the same time under the control of the supervisor. Along this mental, we propose a novel theoretical scheme to fulfil four-party controlled cyclic QT by using a seven-qutrit entangled state as the quantum channel, in which Alice can teleport an arbitrary unknown single-qutrit state to Bob, Bob can transmit an arbitrary single-qutrit state to Charlie, at the same time, Charlie can also teleport an arbitrary unknown single-qutrit state to Alice with the permission of the supervisor. In these schemes, only specific two-qutrit 3D-Bell state measurements, single-qutrit 3D-Z-basis measurements and suitable 3D-Weyl operators are needed, which can be implemented in physics easily. Moreover, the proposed four-party controlled cyclic scheme can be generalized into the case containing [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) observers by using a [Formula: see text]-qutrit entangled channel. Analysis shows that the success probability of our schemes can reach 1. Through detailed discussion, we find that the security of our schemes and the control power of the supervisors can be guaranteed, and the intrinsic efficiency of the proposed schemes is relatively high.
In this paper, by using eleven entangled quantum states as a quantum channel, we propose a cyclic and asymmetric novel protocol for four participants in which both Alice and Bob can transmit two-qubit states, and Charlie can transmit three-qubit states with the assistance of the supervisor David, who provides a guarantee for communication security. This protocol is based on GHZ state measurement (GHZ), single-qubit measurement (SM), and unitary operations (UO) to implement the communication task. The analysis demonstrates that the success probability of the proposed protocol can reach 100%. Furthermore, considering that in actual production environments, it is difficult to avoid the occurrence of noise in quantum channels, this paper also analyzes the changes in fidelity in four types of noisy scenarios: bit-flip noise, phase-flip noise, bit-phase-flip noise, and depolarizing noise. Showing that communication quality only depends on the amplitude parameters of the initial state and decoherence rate. Additionally, we give a comparison with previous similar schemes in terms of achieved method and intrinsic efficiency, which illustrates the superiority of our protocol. Finally, in response to the vulnerability of quantum channels to external attacks, a security analysis was conducted, and corresponding defensive measures were proposed.
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to further investigate the correlated and memory effects in 3D-Pauli-like noisy channels for controlled teleportation of an arbitrary unknown single-qutrit state. We first construct a three-qutrit maximally entangled state in a three-dimensional (3D) Hilbert space and subsequently propose a 3D controlled quantum teleportation (CQT) scheme for an arbitrary unknown single-qutrit state using the constructed three-qutrit maximally entangled state as the quantum channel. In this ideal case, through a few simple 3D unitary operations, the two communicating parties can perfectly accomplish the teleportation task under the supervision of the controller. Subsequently, we examine the performance of this CQT scheme under two successive uses of a 3D-Pauli-like noisy channel with memory, where the noise errors are categorized into four types: trit-flip, t-phase-flip, trit-phase-flip, and t-depolarizing. For each noise type, an analytical expression of the average fidelity is derived as a function of both the noise and memory parameters. Specifically, we find that, regardless of the noise strength, memory enhances the average fidelity for trit-flip and t-depolarizing noises, whereas for t-phase-flip and trit-phase-flip noises, memory reduces the average fidelity once the noise intensity exceeds a certain threshold. This indicates that in the first two noisy channels, memory can improve the communication efficiency of CQT, while in the latter two, excessive noise causes memory to diminish the teleportation performance.
This paper proposes a three-dimensional (3D) controlled quantum teleportation scheme for an unknown single-qutrit state. The scheme is first introduced in an ideal environment, and its detailed implementation is described via the transformation of the quantum system. Four types of 3D-Pauli-like noise corresponding to Weyl operators are created by Kraus operators: trit-flip, t-phase-flip, trit-phase-flip, and t-depolarizing. Then, this scheme is analyzed in terms of four types of noisy channel with memory. For each type of noise, the average fidelity is calculated as a function of memory and noise parameters, which is afterwards compared with classical fidelity. The results demonstrate that for trit-flip and t-depolarizing noises, memory will increase the average fidelity regardless of the noise parameter. However, for t-phase-flip and trit-phase-flip noises, memory may become ineffective in increasing the average fidelity above a certain noise threshold.