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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Towards High Performance Finite Temperature Atomic Raman Quantum Memory: Analytical and Numerical Techniques

CHR Ooi, S Subramaniam

Published Feb 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Quantum communication is an emerging field of the utmost importance. A critical component for scalable quantum communication, and other emerging quantum technologies is a robust practical quantum memory. We look at a theoretical model of a three level Λ quantum memory in a warm atomic gas complete with the Doppler broadening. A linearization procedure to compute solutions for the full set of Heisenberg-Langevin equations with the propagation equations is described. The atomic frequency comb (AFC) protocol together with the piecewise adiabatic passage (PAP) method in warm atomic gas is briefly discussed.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/3183/1/012002

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Photonic quantum memory, such as an atomic frequency comb (AFC), is essential to make photonic quantum computation and long distance quantum communication scalable and feasible. In standard AFC the frequency of different atoms must be stable relative to each other which presents difficulties in realizing the quantum memory. Here we propose a quantum memory using an intra-atomic frequency comb which does not require frequency stabilization. We show that the transitions between two degenerate energy levels of a single atom can be used to construct the frequency comb. The spacing between the teeth of the comb is controlled by applying an external magnetic field. Since the frequency comb is constructed from individual atoms, these atoms can be used alone or in ensembles to realize the quantum memory. Furthermore, the ensemble based quantum memory with intra-AFC is robust against Doppler broadening which makes it useful for high-temperature quantum memory. As an example, we numerically show the intra-AFC in cesium atoms and demonstrate a photon echo which is essential for quantum memory.
Quantum memories are used for storing the quantum mechanical states of photons and release identical photons at a later time. This has many applications within the field of quantum computing and is also essential in order to achieve long range quantum communication and cryptography. In this thesis Atomic frequency comb (AFC) quantum memories were investigated. In particular, three-level memory schemes were investigated in detail and a program for simulating these protocols was developed. These schemes make use of control pulses to transfer the population from the optically excited state to a ground state hyperfine level, as well as radio frequency fields to swap the population in the two ground state hyperfine levels. In this work control and RF pulses, tailored to give good transfer rates, are suggested and effects due to off resonant excitation was investigated. A memory protocol which could give efficiencies up to 60% for Praseodymium doped Yttrium Silicate based AFC memories is proposed. The main bottleneck for reaching higher efficiencies is that the AFC peak spacing needs to be small in order to give enough time to transfer the population to the spin state with the control pulses. With the control pulses suggested in this work and the current technology of tailoring AFC peaks in Pr-based memories, this gives a maximum finesse of 6 of the AFC structure.
In this paper, we propose a method to create an atomic frequency comb (AFC) in hot atomic vapors using the piecewise adiabatic passage (PAP) technique. Due to the Doppler effect, the trains of pulses used for PAP give rise to a velocity-dependent transfer of the atomic population from the initial state to the target one, thus forming a velocity comb whose periodicity depends not only on the repetition rate of the applied pulses but also on the specific atomic transitions considered. We highlight the advantages of using this transfer technique with respect to standard methods and discuss, in particular, its application to store a single telecom photon in an AFC quantum memory using a high density Ba atomic vapor.
Atomic frequency comb (AFC) quantum memory is a favorable protocol in long distance quantum communication. Putting the AFC inside an asymmetric optical cavity enhances the storage efficiency but makes the measurement of the comb properties challenging. We develop a theoretical model for cavity-enhanced AFC quantum memory that includes the effects of dispersion, and show a close alignment of the model with our own experimental results. Providing semi quantitative agreement for estimating the efficiency and a good description of how the efficiency changes as a function of detuning, it also captures certain qualitative features of the experimental reflectivity. For comparison, we show that a theoretical model without dispersion fails dramatically to predict the correct efficiencies. Our model is a step forward to accurately estimating the created comb properties, such as the optical depth inside the cavity, and so being able to make precise predictions of the performance of the prepared cavity-enhanced AFC quantum memory.
Abstract Atomic frequency comb (AFC) quantum memory is a favorable protocol in long distance quantum communication. Putting the AFC inside an asymmetric optical cavity enhances the storage efficiency but makes the measurement of the comb properties challenging. We develop a theoretical model for cavity-enhanced AFC quantum memory that includes the effects of dispersion, and show a close alignment of the model with our own experimental results. Providing semi-quantitative agreement for estimating the efficiency and a good description of how the efficiency changes as a function of detuning, it also captures certain qualitative features of the experimental reflectivity. For comparison, we show that a theoretical model without dispersion fails dramatically to predict the correct efficiencies. Our model is a step forward to accurately estimating the created comb properties, such as the optical depth inside the cavity, and so being able to make precise predictions of the performance of the prepared cavity-enhanced AFC quantum memory.