This article is dedicated to studying the resilience of cryptocurrency systems (CCS) under new threats associated with the development of quantum computing. A differential game model is introduced, allowing for the formalization of the interaction between CCS and quantum computers (QC), as well as the analysis of their mutual influence. The research methodology is based on the application of differential game theory to model the dynamics of resource allocation between the parties and to evaluate their strategies under conditions of uncertainty and competition. Various scenarios of confrontation between CCS and quantum computing were considered during the modeling process, which made it possible to identify key patterns and factors that significantly affect the effectiveness of cryptographic protection, as well as the computational capabilities of attackers utilizing QCs. Special attention is given to the analysis of different methods for protecting digital assets under potential quantum threats. The results of the study may serve as a foundation for developing new cryptographic security standards and adaptive protection strategies that will remain effective amid the rapid growth of quantum computing capabilities
This article is dedicated to studying the resilience of cryptocurrency systems (CCS) under new threats associated with the development of quantum computing. A differential game model is introduced, allowing for the formalization of the interaction between CCS and quantum computers (QC), as well as the analysis of their mutual influence. The research methodology is based on the application of differential game theory to model the dynamics of resource allocation between the parties and to evaluate their strategies under conditions of uncertainty and competition. Various scenarios of confrontation between CCS and quantum computing were considered during the modeling process, which made it possible to identify key patterns and factors that significantly affect the effectiveness of cryptographic protection, as well as the computational capabilities of attackers utilizing QCs. Special attention is given to the analysis of different methods for protecting digital assets under potential quantum threats. The results of the study may serve as a foundation for developing new cryptographic security standards and adaptive protection strategies that will remain effective amid the rapid growth of quantum computing capabilities
Cryptocurrencies have gained significant importance in the financial market, and the emergence of quantum computers has raised concerns about their impact on cryptocurrency systems.This article aims to analyze these impacts, focusing primarily on the effects on the mining process, threats to blockchain security, and potential solutions to mitigate these effects.Through an extensive review of articles and theoretical research, this article uncovers significant potential effects on cryptocurrency systems resulting from quantum computing.The article highlights that the advent of quantum computing could lead to a drastic acceleration of the mining process, operating in quadratic time.Additionally, it raises concerns about the security vulnerabilities that quantum attacks pose to blockchain systems, as Shor's algorithm poses a considerable threat to the cryptographic mechanisms upon which cryptocurrencies rely.Grover's algorithm, on the other hand, has the potential to significantly reduce the time and energy consumption involved in mining.Although new cryptographic methods, such as Post-Quantum Cryptography, have been proposed to withstand quantum attacks, their effectiveness can only be theoretically evaluated until practical quantum computers become available.At present, the impact of quantum computing on the real world remains limited due to the nascent state of quantum technology.However, with IBM's plan to develop a 100,000-qubit system by 2033, the potential threats to cryptocurrency systems cannot be disregarded.
The evolution of quantum computing represents one of the most significant technological transformations of this century, with direct implications for cryptographic systems currently in use, especially in the field of asymmetric cryptography. This article develops a prospective study on the impact of quantum computing on asymmetric cryptographic infrastructures, presenting the central problem and proposing the implementation of a structured solution in the form of a transition roadmap. This approach enables the anticipation of technological scenarios and the identification of appropriate mitigation strategies, based on scientific evidence and expert projections. The results obtained highlight the vulnerability of classical cryptographic algorithms, based on complex mathematical problems, such as RSA and ECC, demonstrating that the technological and cryptographic transition is inevitable. However, this transition should not be exclusively algorithmic, it must integrate technical training policies, regulatory compliance, interoperability between hybrid systems, and continuous monitoring mechanisms. The proposed solution stands out from the others due to its methodological and operational approach, offering a dynamic, detailed, and adaptable model applicable to different organizational and sectoral contexts. The proposed roadmap is structured in sequential and interdependent phases, allowing for practical and strategic guidance of the transition process. The contributions of this research include the systematization of the phases of the post-quantum transition process, the introduction of a resilient and evolutionary model capable of responding to technological uncertainty, and the consolidation of an integrated approach that combines academic, scientific, organizational, and technical rigor. Planning and adopting a proactive stance are crucial factors in ensuring the operational continuity and resilience of digital infrastructures in a potential quantum era. The article therefore constitutes a relevant contribution to the academic debate on post-quantum information security, offering practical guidance and concepts applicable to the protection of digital infrastructures in the context of profound technological transformation.
Blockchain ecosystems and platforms form a critical foundation for national digital economies worldwide. However, recent advancements in quantum computing, exemplified by breakthroughs from IBM and other leading developers, reveal that these systems may no longer guarantee stability and security against emerging quantum-enabled attacks. The increasing feasibility of such threats, commonly referred to as the “quantum threat,” poses unprecedented risks to the integrity, confidentiality, and reliability of blockchain infrastructures. In response, several technologically advanced countries have initiated efforts to anticipate and mitigate potential quantum cyberattacks. Ensuring the quantum resilience of blockchain systems necessitates novel approaches beyond conventional information security methods. Unlike traditional protections, these approaches aim to prevent systemic failures even under quantum-enabled adversarial conditions. The study identifies and systematizes the main directions for achieving quantum resilience, including post-quantum cryptographic primitives, modified quantum algorithms, and hybrid quantum–classical security models. The review highlights how progress in superconducting, ionic, photonic, and neutral-atom quantum platforms reshapes the threat landscape. A distinctive contribution of this work lies in its integrative perspective — linking cryptographic, architectural, and ecosystem-level aspects of blockchain sustainability under quantum threats. The proposed framework emphasizes combining post-quantum cryptography, quantum-safe protocols, and cross-domain coordination between quantum computing and cybersecurity research. Given the rapidly advancing nature of quantum technologies, the findings presented here not only reflect the current state of the field but also outline strategic directions for developing adaptive, quantum-resilient blockchain systems, including dynamic algorithmic frameworks, formal verification of quantum-resistant smart contracts, and simulation of blockchain protocols against quantum adversary models.
In the modern world, the financial sector faces a wide range of extraordinary events, from market shocks and geopolitical tensions to pandemics and cyberattacks. These diverse challenges significantly impact banks. Recently, particular attention has been drawn to the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing (QC) technologies on the stability of the financial system. This article analyzes the potential areas of impact of quantum technologies on the financial sphere in general and the resilience of financial institutions in particular.It's determined that quantum technologies can simultaneously pose both threats and new opportunities. Specifically, the article analyzes the potential of quantum technologies to break existing cryptographic algorithms that protect the confidential data of financial institutions' clients. This threat is exacerbated by the possibility of "harvest now, decrypt later" attacks, where malicious actors intercept data today with the intention of decrypting it in the future. This presents challenges and threats for online/mobile banking, payment operations, and corporate communications. Among the positive impacts of quantum technologies on banking, the article highlights improved financial risk assessment, particularly enhanced accuracy in stress testing, portfolio management, and derivatives pricing, by solving problems inaccessible to classical computing. The potential of quantum machine learning for fraud detection is also noted. Attention is given to the financial sector's response to these challenges. Initiatives for developing quantum-resistant (post-quantum) cryptography are considered as the primary method for mitigating the risks associated with the proliferation of quantum computing, along with new cryptographic protocols and quantum key distribution as a new opportunity to enhance security. The article emphasizes the responsibility of central banks in forming quantum-readiness strategies, including investments in post-quantum cryptography, expertise development, and the adaptation of regulatory frameworks. The conclusion drawn is that although the immediate benefits of quantum technologies may be modest, their long-term transformative potential for the financial sector is immense.
The present paper addresses the problem of modeling the resilient operation of a cryptocurrency exchange (CEX) under delayed quantum attacks of the harvest-now-decrypt-later type. The proposed model diverges from extant approaches in its conceptualization of the quantum threat. Whereas extant approaches treat the quantum threat as an external shock, the proposed model conceptualizes the accumulation of cryptographically vulnerable data as an internal state variable of the system. The framework under consideration is formulated as a system of nonlinear differential equations linking the exchange’s liquidity, the intensity of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) adoption, and the volume of accumulated threat. The analytical conditions for asymptotic stability are derived. The resolution of the system enables the identification of a region of admissible defense strategies, which is interpreted in the paper as a “survival dome.” Numerical simulations demonstrate that both delayed and excessively aggressive migration strategies toward post-quantum cryptography may lead to the degradation of the exchange. The findings indicate that a balanced and adaptive transition strategy, aimed at mitigating quantum risks, can preserve liquidity while minimizing long-term losses. The findings establish a theoretical framework for the development of migration strategies for financial platforms undergoing a transition to post-quantum security standards.
The article examines key issues related to ensuring the security of artificial intelligence systems in the context of digital economic transformation and the development of quantum computing technologies. It is shown that the largescale integration of AI into economically significant processes increases cryptographic, informational, and institutional risks associated with the potential vulnerability of classical security mechanisms to quantum attacks. The study analyzes major threats to AI systems, including cryptographic weaknesses, risks of data and machine learning model compromise, and the longterm «store now, decrypt later» threat scenario. Quantumresistant approaches to protecting artificial intelligence systems are systematized, covering postquantum cryptography, hybrid security schemes, and architectural solutions for AI platforms. Special attention is paid to the economic and institutional aspects of AI security, emphasizing the need for proactive adaptation of cybersecurity mechanisms and the development of regulatory frameworks that account for emerging quantum threats. Based on the analysis, authorial recommendations are proposed to enhance the resilience of artificial intelligence systems and mitigate longterm risks to the digital economy.