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遅延選択と確率的遡及因果 : 確率はどの段階で崩壊するのか

Yutaka Shinba

Published Jun 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

When we use Bayes -Laplace theorem for the retrospective situation, by its nature, determining the probability of hypothesis by the observed data, with the propensity interpretation of probability, we encounter some difficulty called Humphreys' Paradox that shows the incommens teness between collapsed value 1 for the past event and Baysian value of probability There is another Paradox called Newcomb's problem, which concerns backward causation and enigma for probability 1.We discuss retrospective causality and usage of the su1juncfive mood with the past perfect tense of propensity considering these problems.Wheeler's delayed choice experiment by gravitation lens in the universe will show us some suggest on.We must self-examine the tense of subjective probability and the meaning of causality Then we could progress into the hard problem of integration between objective and subjective nature of probabffity as well as into another hard problem of relation between classical and quantum probability 1. 確率の収縮と遡及因果 初期Keues の論珂鈎靭ミやde FinettiとRamseyの主観角鞠ミなど の,確率を信念の度合いととる確率の主観自嫡覇そでは,確率の 値1と 0 は糧I リな意味を持っている.

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When we use Bayes -Laplace theorem for the retrospective situation, by its nature, determining the probability of hypothesis by the observed data, with the propensity interpretation of probability, we encounter some difficulty called Humphreys' Paradox that shows the incommens teness between collapsed value 1 for the past event and Baysian value of probability There is another Paradox called Newcomb's problem, which concerns backward causation and enigma for probability 1.We discuss retrospective causality and usage of the su1juncfive mood with the past perfect tense of propensity considering these problems.Wheeler's delayed choice experiment by gravitation lens in the universe will show us some suggest on.We must self-examine the tense of subjective probability and the meaning of causality Then we could progress into the hard problem of integration between objective and subjective nature of probabffity as well as into another hard problem of relation between classical and quantum probability 1. 確率の収縮と遡及因果 初期Keues の論珂鈎靭ミやde FinettiとRamseyの主観角鞠ミなど の,確率を信念の度合いととる確率の主観自嫡覇そでは,確率の 値1と 0 は糧I リな意味を持っている.
It is asserted by many astrophysicists and philosophers that the Copernican Principle applied to the future of our civilization seems to give some prediction on remaining time.And, the anthropoic principle seems to explain the fine tuning of our universe.However, the use of the anthropic principle and the Copernican (mediocrity) principle , will conclude drastically different subjective probability for slightly different situation.That is, of course, related to the difficulty of the principle of no difference, namely the problem of reference ensemble.We will integrate the many world problems of anthropic principle, enigma of interpretation of probability, the harder problem of consciousness, transmigration view, many-universe in cosmology and many worlds in quantum mechanics.Then, we discuss the prior identification and the posteriorly acquired status, and also discuss the relation between subjective and objective probability.Additionally, we treat the quantum monad theory.1,序論 確率の謎に関係すると思われる多世界論あるいは可能 世界論が,一見縁遠いと思われる色々な分野にある.一つ は,量子力学の観測問題, 解釈問題のーつの解決である, Everette の多世界解釈 13, 14 ・ 33-38) である.第二には意識の 超難間または「わたくし」の問題 1-9 ・ 18 ・ 39-52)と呼ばれる 唯我論, 自我などに関する問題の説明に使われるもの.こ れは一人称の死生学,転生世界観,ゾンビ問題とも関係が 深い.この線では中込の量子モナド理論 54.55)もその視界 に入ってくる.そして第三には,宇宙のフアイン・チュー ニングに対するーつの理解法である人間原理 7-12 ・ 14 ・」 9), 更にその発展形としての地球文明に対する終末論法等に 現れる平凡の原理である.
We further see the content and consistency of our claims on retrodictive aspects of quantum theory based on the previous papers, which deal with quantum mechanics of a single particle in one-dimensional space under successive mearsurements of particle position and momentum as a wave packet. The content of retrodiction can be best understood as statements on the past recorded in the present state. Conditional probabilites with the past and future states specified are consistently obtained through the ordinary predictive and/or our retrodictive probability formula in any combined way.
This paper examines the possibility that past and future events are fundamentally alike in their ontological openness, while differing in their causal accessibility. The conventional distinction between a fixed past and an open future becomes problematic in light of the relativity of simultaneity, which provides no universal present at which openness could turn into ontological definiteness. As an alternative to the fully determined history of a block universe, the paper considers a symmetric conception in which neither past nor future is necessarily ontologically invariant. The proposed distinction separates ontological openness from causal accessibility. While past events cannot be influenced from our present position, parts of the causal future remain accessible to intervention. This asymmetry is compatible with the invariant causal structure of relativistic spacetime and does not require a universal transition from openness to definiteness. Schrödinger's cat provides a further illustration. If the cat is found dead and already in rigor mortis, the observed traces indicate an earlier death. Nevertheless, this does not by itself establish when the corresponding history became ontologically definite. The paper explores the possibility that a later measurement may be associated with the ontological articulation of an earlier, causally ordered history, without requiring backward causation. The argument is situated in relation to relational quantum mechanics, Wheeler's delayed-choice experiments, and philosophical discussions of retrocausality. The paper does not claim to prove an ontologically open past. Rather, it develops this possibility as a serious philosophical alternative to an invariant block universe, distinguishing physical evidence from ontological interpretation and clarifying the conceptual limits of what can be established.
Abstract Ð Quantum systems in the time interval between two events, so-called two-time observables (TTO), are known to behave in a manner quite different from expectations based on initial value quantum mechanics. Ac-cording to the transactional interpretation (TI) of quantum physics, wave functions can be pictured as offer and echo waves Ð the offer wave passing from an initial event, i, to a future event, a, and the echo wave, the complex conjugate of the offer wave, passing from a back in time toward i. TTO and the TI have been used to explain certain quantum physical temporal anom-alies, such as non-locality, contrafactuality, and future-to-present causation as explicitly shown in Wheeler’s delayed choice experiment, an experiment wherein the history of the objects under scrutiny are not determined until the final observation. Experimental evidence involving neurological function-ing and subjective awareness indicates the presence of the same anomalies. Here I propose a model based on TTO and the TI wherein two neural events are ultimately responsible for backwards-through-time wave function col-