Revisiting Backward Causation: Newcomb's Problem, Delayed Choice Experiment, and Pridictability

M. Bendahane, M. El Atiki, Ahmed Kassou-Ou-Ali

孙君, 孙永南, 李传锋 +1 more

Yutaka Shinba

When we use Bayes -Laplace theorem for the retrospective situation, by its nature, determining the probability of hypothesis by the observed data, with the propensity interpretation of probability, we encounter some difficulty called Humphreys' Paradox that shows the incommens teness between collapsed value 1 for the past event and Baysian value of probability There is another Paradox called Newcomb's problem, which concerns backward causation and enigma for probability 1.We discuss retrospective causality and usage of the su1juncfive mood with the past perfect tense of propensity considering these problems.Wheeler's delayed choice experiment by gravitation lens in the universe will show us some suggest on.We must self-examine the tense of subjective probability and the meaning of causality Then we could progress into the hard problem of integration between objective and subjective nature of probabffity as well as into another hard problem of relation between classical and quantum probability 1. 確率の収縮と遡及因果 初期Keues の論珂鈎靭ミやde FinettiとRamseyの主観角鞠ミなど の，確率を信念の度合いととる確率の主観自嫡覇そでは，確率の 値1と 0 は糧I リな意味を持っている.

David Ellerman

Colm P. Bracken, Jonte R. Hance, Sabine Hossenfelder

The Delayed-Choice Quantum Eraser experiment is commonly interpreted as implying that in quantum mechanics a choice made at one time can influence an earlier event. We here suggest an extension of the experiment that results in a paradox when analysed in a local realist interpretation combined with backward causation (``dynamical retrocausality''). We argue that resolving the paradox requires giving up the idea that, in quantum mechanics, a choice can influence the past in this way, and that it instead requires a violation of Statistical Independence without (what most people think of as) retrocausality. Finally, we propose an implementation of the experiment that we believe to be possible with existing technology. This new experiment can distinguish between different types of hidden-variables theories in a way that Bell-type tests cannot: unlike in a Bell test, the measurement setting here is set by an earlier outcome, which makes the consistency of the backwards influence itself testable. We classify the fixed-point (consistency-enforcing) hidden-variables models of the experiment, which can reproduce quantum mechanics only if the backwards influence has no observable effect.

Huw Price