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Известия Российской академии наук Серия физическая / Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences Physics

Transmission of information using Mössbauer photons

Farit G. Vagizov, Зиннатуллин А.Л., R. N. Shakhmuratov

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We reported the first successful transmission of information using a random stream of Mössbauer photons. The gamma radiation was modulated using the quantum interference effect between the incident and forward-scattered resonant radiation. The proposed method will have significant advantages in terms of size and energy consumption compared to systems using X-ray tube radiation and will also allow information to be transmitted secretly.

DOI
10.7868/s3034646025100028

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We reported the first successful transmission of information using a random stream of Mössbauer photons. The gamma radiation was modulated using the quantum interference effect between the incident and forward-scattered resonant radiation. The proposed method will have significant advantages in terms of size and energy consumption compared to systems using X-ray tube radiation and will also allow information to be transmitted secretly.
Secure communication that allows only the sender and intended recipient of a message to view its content has a long history. Quantum objects, such as single photons are ideal carriers for secure information transmission because, according to the no-cloning theorem [1], it is impossible to create an identical and independent copy of an arbitrary quantum state while its detection leads to the information distortion. BB84 [2,3] is the first quantum cryptography protocol for a quantum key generation and distribution, based on single photon sources. This quantum key is used for coding and decoding of classical information. We propose completely different protocol based on a stochastic decay of an ensemble of radioactive nuclei randomly emitting a stream of gamma-photons. We experimentally demonstrate a method how to transmit classical information containing binary bits (0 or 1) with the help of this stream. Transmission is organized such that eavesdropping is impossible since the presence of information in the stream of randomly emitted gamma-photons can be hidden. Reading of this information needs precise knowledge of the repetition rate of its sending in advance. It is unrealistic for the eavesdropper to disclose this rate, and without knowledge of this parameter it is impossible to make the transmitted information visible.
The so-called gamma-echo effect has been observed experimentally and analyzed using the semiclassical optical theory. Here the effect is reinterpreted using a new 1D quantum mechanical model. This leads to a different interpretation of the effect as a π phase-shift induced transparency. In the basic time-differential Mössbauer spectroscopic technique the forward-scattered recoil-free radiation is observed, in delayed coincidence, after passing through a nuclear-resonant absorber. The effect in question is produced most efficiently when the source of recoil-free radiation is moved abruptly causing a π phase shift of the source radiation during its radiative lifetime. Using the 1D model the effect is seen to arise from the constructive interference between the source radiation at a later time, and the radiation coming from the absorber excited at an earlier time. The exact form of the source modulation and the nuclear-resonant thickness of the resonant absorber determines the shape of the time-differential resonant gamma ray transmission spectrum. Numerical results are given using the familiar 57Fe recoil-free resonant transition. The π phase-shift-induced transparency allows the resonant gamma radiation, incident on the resonant absorber, to be transmitted through the absorber without appreciable attenuation.
We propose a technique for transforming the intensity of quasi-monochromatic recoilless radiation with a photon energy of 93.3 keV, emitted by radioactive Mössbauer sources 67Ga or 67Cu, into a sequence of short pulses with individually and independently controlled, on demand, the moments of appearance of pulses, as well as the peak intensity, duration and shape of each pulse. The technique is based on the transmission of recoilless (Mössbauer) 93.3-keV photons from the source through a medium containing resonantly absorbing 67Zn nuclei. The pulses are formed due to the rapid reciprocating movement of the source relative to the absorber at specified moments in time along the direction of photon propagation at a distance not exceeding half the radiation wavelength. The produced sequences of γ\gamma γ -ray pulses are similar to the digitization of information carried by electromagnetic waves. They can also be used to develop Mösbauer spectroscopy of the atomic and subatomic structures, as well as open novel opportunities for γ\gamma γ -ray quantum optics.