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Laser Physics Letters

Information transmission by random flow of gamma-photons: optimization of data-acquisition time

Almaz L. Zinnatullin, R. N. Shakhmuratov, Farit G. Vagizov

Published Dec 18, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We transmit classical information in the form of Windows-1253 codes for text by modulating the intensity of a random flow of Mössbauer gamma-photons. It is shown that the time required for reliable decoding of information can be significantly reduced by averaging the number of gamma-photons detected in certain time windows. We find the optimal duration of this time experimentally. The proposed protocol allows reliable extraction of information from a very noisy signal.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/ad9d26

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Journal of the Optical Society of America•Feb 1, 1973•9 citations
Abstract We transmit classical information in the form of Windows-1253 codes for text by modulating the intensity of a random flow of Mössbauer gamma-photons. It is shown that the time required for reliable decoding of information can be significantly reduced by averaging the number of gamma-photons detected in certain time windows. We find the optimal duration of this time experimentally. The proposed protocol allows reliable extraction of information from a very noisy signal.
Secure communication that allows only the sender and intended recipient of a message to view its content has a long history. Quantum objects, such as single photons are ideal carriers for secure information transmission because, according to the no-cloning theorem [1], it is impossible to create an identical and independent copy of an arbitrary quantum state while its detection leads to the information distortion. BB84 [2,3] is the first quantum cryptography protocol for a quantum key generation and distribution, based on single photon sources. This quantum key is used for coding and decoding of classical information. We propose completely different protocol based on a stochastic decay of an ensemble of radioactive nuclei randomly emitting a stream of gamma-photons. We experimentally demonstrate a method how to transmit classical information containing binary bits (0 or 1) with the help of this stream. Transmission is organized such that eavesdropping is impossible since the presence of information in the stream of randomly emitted gamma-photons can be hidden. Reading of this information needs precise knowledge of the repetition rate of its sending in advance. It is unrealistic for the eavesdropper to disclose this rate, and without knowledge of this parameter it is impossible to make the transmitted information visible.
Abstract Quantum cryptography protocols are based on the use of quantum objects with at least two orthogonal states, for example, the polarization states of a photon. We propose a completely different cryptography protocol using a stochastic flow of single photons. Our method is based on the stochastic decay of an ensemble of radioactive nuclei randomly emitting a stream of γ -photons. We have experimentally demonstrated the transmission of classical information containing binary bits. Reading this information requires precise knowledge of the repetition rate of its sending. Otherwise, it is impossible to make the transmitted information visible, since it will be lost in the noise.
Expression for estimating the reliability of information during its transmission through quantum-cryptographic communication channel that contains a dead time photon counter has been obtained in this research. According to the results of mathematical modeling, the dependence of the reliability of the received data on the average time of single photon transmission of information was established. Studies have shown that with an increase in the average time of single photon transmission of information, these dependences grow, reaching saturation. Moreover, with equal parameters with an increase in the average duration of the dead time of a prolonging type, saturation occurs at large values of the average time of a single photon transmission of information.
Expressions for the information rate and capacity of amplitude-modulated photon beams are available in literature. Recent interest in position-modulated laser pulses has motivated the investigation of the following model: A random variable D, which can take on values in the interval (−T, T), is transmitted by centering a narrow, coherent, single-mode light pulse of duration 2D and constant irradiance at t=D. It is assumed that no other than quantum fluctuations, of the otherwise stable source, disturb the transmission. The information that the received photon packet carries about D is registered as the instants {tk} of emission of photoelectrons at the detector. If H denotes the D and Q, the expected number of photoelectrons is 2D, and D≪T, then the mutual information between the D− and {tk} ensembles is, for large Q, approximately H−ln(2D/ρQ). Here, ρ = exp(γ − 1) and γ is Euler’s constant. Under the peak-excursion constraint |D|≤T, this is maximized by H = ln2T, for uniformly distributed D, so that for large Q the capacity C = ln(ρQT/D). The accurate expression, valid for all Q, involves the exponential integral E1(Q). The value of C is used to derive a lower bound on the mean-square error of any estimator of D, by the rate-distortion method. The bound, which decreases as Q2, is compared with the variance of maximum-a-posteriori-probability estimators of delay which, in the case of differentiable pulses, decreases only as Q.