The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing (QC) is fostering a research landscape in which these two technologies increasingly shape each other across multiple technical layers. This study provides an overview of ten representative categories, including quantumenhanced machine learning, quantum optimization for AI models, quantum encoding, hybrid quantum-classical architectures, quantum-inspired models for AI, AI-assisted quantum circuit optimization, AI-driven variational parameter tuning, AI-assisted quantum hardware calibration, and AIdriven quantum architecture search. It approaches QC-AI interactions within a conceptual model framework that organizes these relationships across dimensions of directionality, layer, and modality. This framework aims to provide an integrative analytical basis that supports future methodological and system-level research.
The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing (QC) is fostering a research landscape in which these two technologies increasingly shape each other across multiple technical layers. This study provides an overview of ten representative categories, including quantumenhanced machine learning, quantum optimization for AI models, quantum encoding, hybrid quantum-classical architectures, quantum-inspired models for AI, AI-assisted quantum circuit optimization, AI-driven variational parameter tuning, AI-assisted quantum hardware calibration, and AIdriven quantum architecture search. It approaches QC-AI interactions within a conceptual model framework that organizes these relationships across dimensions of directionality, layer, and modality. This framework aims to provide an integrative analytical basis that supports future methodological and system-level research.
Artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing (QC) have emerged as two rapidly advancing computational paradigms, each facing distinct theoretical and practical challenges. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward their interaction, particularly in the context of hybrid quantum-classical systems suitable for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. This paper presents a structured analysis of the bidirectional relationship between AI and QC, examining how classical machine learning methods currently support quantum hardware operation, algorithm optimization, and error mitigation, while critically assessing the potential of quantum computing to enhance artificial intelligence in the longer term. Building on this analysis, we introduce a co-evolutionary co-design framework that characterizes feedback mechanisms across hardware, algorithmic, and application layers. The framework is intended as an analytical tool for understanding system-level dependencies rather than as a performance-optimizing prescription. To ground the discussion, we include a simulation-based case study in which a variational quantum circuit is optimized using a classical learning loop implemented with a hybrid quantum-classical workflow. The results demonstrate stable convergence behavior under idealized conditions, illustrating the feasibility of AI-assisted quantum optimization without claiming quantum advantage. By combining a critical literature review, a modest computational study, and a system-level design perspective, this work aims to provide a balanced reference for researchers investigating the near-term and long-term interactions between artificial intelligence and quantum computing.
Quantum Computing (QC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have emerged as key technologies in the evolution of Industry 6.0, driving advancements in automation and advanced analytics, and process optimization. Their integration holds the potential to revolutionize sectors such as data science, healthcare, finance, and cybersecurity by enabling faster and more efficient computations through qubits, superposition, and quantum entanglement. However, the lack of structured knowledge regarding specific QC methodologies and applications in AI hinders its optimal implementation and development. Consequently, this study aims to identify the applications and variables associated with QC-AI integration. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 methodology, drawing on studies from Scopus and Web of Science databases. This enabled the analysis of trends, limitations, and opportunities in this technological convergence. This study aims to systematically examine the intersection of quantum computing and artificial intelligence by identifying the key technological features, integration requirements, and sectoral applications that define the current state of the field. The review contributes by mapping existing research, highlighting methodological approaches, and revealing gaps that may guide targeted advancements in hybrid quantum AI systems. The insights generated have the potential to accelerate innovation in high-impact domains such as healthcare, finance, energy, and cybersecurity. The findings indicate that the main advances in QC applied to AI focus on quantum optimization, Quantum Machine Learning (QML), and post-quantum cryptography. Notably, sectors such as energy, healthcare, and finance have shown significant progress in adopting these technologies. For example, in healthcare, QML has been applied to simulate molecular interactions to accelerate drug discovery, and in finance, it enhances predictive models for market behavior. The study concludes that although QC demonstrates substantial potential to enhance AI, its broader adoption remains constrained by reliance on NISQ hardware, the need for effective error correction, and the limited scalability of hybrid quantum classical algorithms. Addressing these challenges will be essential to establishing QML as a cornerstone of technological innovation and digital transformation. Additionally, this review introduces an integrative framework that categorizes key AI QC convergence dimensions and proposes a classification of application areas based on technical requirements and algorithmic capabilities. These contributions aim to guide future experimental validations and hybrid model development.
: The rapid convergence of quantum computing and artificial intelligence is reshaping computational paradigms across cryptography, optimization, sensing, and intelligent systems. This paper surveys and synthesizes recent developments at the intersection of quantum computing and AI, with particular attention to superconducting quantum hardware, quantum reinforcement learning, quantum key distribution optimization, and hybrid AI-driven post-quantum security frameworks. Drawing upon 2026 literature— including advances in high-speed predistortion architectures for flux-bias lines, enhanced quantum key distribution parameter optimization, quantum reinforcement learning for spectrum allocation in 6G networks, hybrid AI–post-quantum encryption for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) systems, and measurement-consistent low-field MRI enhancement via k-space noise modeling—we present a unified perspective on how quantum resources augment classical AI and how AI, in turn, accelerates the practical deployment of quantum technologies. We introduce a conceptual Quantum–AI Convergence Framework that maps hardware constraints, algorithmic opportunities, and security requirements. The analysis highlights persistent challenges in noise resilience, scalability, hybrid orchestration, and regulatory readiness, while outlining promising research directions for trustworthy quantum-enhanced intelligence.
The rapid convergence of quantum computing and artificial intelligence is reshaping computational paradigms across cryptography, optimization, sensing, and intelligent systems. This paper surveys and synthesizes recent developments at the intersection of quantum computing and AI, with particular attention to superconducting quantum hardware, quantum reinforcement learning, quantum key distribution optimization, and hybrid AI-driven post-quantum security frameworks. Drawing upon 2026 literature — including advances in high-speed predistortion architectures for flux-bias lines [1], enhanced quantum key distribution parameter optimization [2], quantum reinforcement learning for spectrum allocation in 6G networks [3], hybrid AI–post-quantum encryption for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) systems [4], and measurement-consistent low-field MRI enhancement via k-space noise modeling [5] — we present a unified perspective on how quantum resources augment classical AI and how AI, in turn, accelerates the practical deployment of quantum technologies. We introduce a conceptual Quantum–AI Convergence Framework that maps hardware constraints, algorithmic opportunities, and security requirements. The analysis highlights persistent challenges in noise resilience, scalability, hybrid orchestration, and regulatory readiness, while outlining promising research directions for trustworthy quantum-enhanced intelligence.
Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI) has emerged at the nexus of quantum computing and AI, promising to redefine computational frontiers. This survey critically synthesizes the state-of-the- art through 2024, elucidating the profound bidirectional synergy between these fields. We analyze how classical machine learning is accelerating quantum hardware control, circuit optimization, and error correction. Conversely, we assess the potential quantum advantage of algorithms, including variational and kernel-based methods, across domains such as drug discovery, financial modeling, and cybersecurity. Our analysis reveals a critical trade-of between the utility of near-term Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices and the long-term promise of fault-tolerant architectures. We identify fundamental obstacles to QAI’s advancement, including hardware decoherence, algorithmic barren plateaus, and data-encoding bottlenecks. While QAI’s potential is transformative, achieving practical quantum advantage requires a concerted effort to overcome these core challenges at the hardware-software interface. This work provides a roadmap for navigating the current landscape and prioritizing future research in this rapidly evolving discipline. • We introduce a bi-directional Quantum-AI framework, AI-for-QC and QC-for-AI, and provide a practical roadmap for integrating both paradigms across the full stack. • We quantify AI-enabled gains: calibration time drops from 8 hours to 2 hours, circuit depth falls by up to 42%, and ML decoders cut logical error rates by about half. • We synthesize comparative guidance on VQAs, quantum kernels, and hybrid/quantum Transformers, clarifying trainability limits and criteria for credible quantum advantage. • We deliver a clinically grounded playbook for radiology, covering small-data use cases, plug-in hybrid modules, OOD validation, fairness assessments, and TRIPOD/CONSORT-AI reporting.
Quantum Artificial Intelligence (Quantum AI) embodies the integration of quantum computational paradigms with artificial intelligence frameworks to address the computational intractability and scalability constraints inherent in classical AI systems. By leveraging quantum mechanical properties such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum interference, Quantum AI enables enhanced representation learning, accelerated optimization, and improved probabilistic inference in high-dimensional problem spaces. In parallel, deep-tech innovations—including advanced deep learning architectures, neuromorphic computing, and edge-based intelligent processing—are redefining the architectural foundations of next- generation intelligent systems through energy-efficient, adaptive, and real-time computation. This paper presents a technically rigorous and comprehensive review of Quantum AI and deep-tech innovations, focusing on algorithmic formulations, architectural models, and system-level integration strategies. Core methodologies such as quantum machine learning algorithms, parameterized quantum circuits, variational quantum algorithms, and hybrid quantum–classical optimization frameworks are critically analysed with respect to computational complexity, repressibility, and feasibility on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. Additionally, the role of neuromorphic computing in enabling spiking neural architectures and event-driven processing is examined as a complementary paradigm to quantum-enhanced learning models, particularly for low-power and latency-critical applications. The paper further investigates application- driven deployments of Quantum AI across domains including medical diagnostics, cryptographic security, autonomous decision-making, and smart cyber-physical systems, highlighting performance trade-offs and implementation constraints. Key challenges such as quantum noise, decoherence, data encoding bottlenecks, limited qubit connectivity, and ethical governance are systematically discussed. Finally, future research directions are identified, emphasizing fault-tolerant quantum learning architectures, scalable hybrid integration with deep-tech systems, and co-design methodologies for realizing practical next-generation intelligence platforms.