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Optics & Laser Technology

Nonreciprocal optical bistability with cold atoms in an optical ring cavity

Qiu-Ping Lu, Yao-Long Xie, Zhi-Hui Zhang, Kai-Kai Zhang, Tong Zhang, Xuan-Xue Luo, Xu Deng, Tao Shui, Wen-Xing Yang

Published Mar 16, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.115107

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We demonstrate lasing into counterpropagating modes of a ring cavity using a gas of cold atoms as a gain medium. The laser operates under the usual conditions of magneto-optical trapping with no additional fields. We characterize the threshold behavior of the laser and measure the second-order optical coherence. The laser emission exhibits directional bistability, switching randomly between clockwise and counterclockwise modes, and a tunable nonreciprocity is observed as the atoms are displaced along the cavity axis.
In this article, we experimentally investigate the nonreciprocal bistability (NB) of two six-wave mixing (SWM) processes inside of a ring cavity with a five-level rubidium atomic cell. The degree of NB can be analyzed by the nonreciprocal area (or non-overlapping area) including the frequency offset (in the x-direction) and the intensity difference (in the y-direction) between output states. The frequency offset between the two states of signals is resulting from the Kerr nonlinearity, while the cavity feedback dressing effect determines the intensity difference. Besides, the signals are amplified by the SWM polariton and vacuum induced enhancement. Based on the effect of NB, we study the realization of an all-optical wavelength division multiplexing amplifier (WDMA). The optical contrast and channel equalization radio of this WMDA is contributed from the degree of nonreciprocal area of output states of signals. Such results may have potential applications in all-optical devices and optical communication.