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1D model of laser-assisted potential scattering

Tomáš Tesař

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of strong ultrashort electric fields on scattering of a particle by a short range potential, using a simple one-dimensional model. The interaction potential has the form of a simple potential step. The transmission amplitude is calculated using Fourier analysis of the scattered wavefunction. The scat- tered wavefunction is obtained by solving numerically the time-dependent Schrödinger equation combining the finite difference spatial representation with the Crank Nicholson method to approximate the evolution operator. We validate and test the method on the analytically solvable problem of scattering by a potential barrier without the presence of the external field. Finally, we apply the method to calculation of laser assisted trans- mission through the potential barrier and find that transmission through the barrier can be strongly enhanced or suppressed depending on the choice of the field parameters. We provide elementary clues on interpretation of our findings. 1

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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of strong ultrashort electric fields on scattering of a particle by a short range potential, using a simple one-dimensional model. The interaction potential has the form of a simple potential step. The transmission amplitude is calculated using Fourier analysis of the scattered wavefunction. The scat- tered wavefunction is obtained by solving numerically the time-dependent Schrödinger equation combining the finite difference spatial representation with the Crank Nicholson method to approximate the evolution operator. We validate and test the method on the analytically solvable problem of scattering by a potential barrier without the presence of the external field. Finally, we apply the method to calculation of laser assisted trans- mission through the potential barrier and find that transmission through the barrier can be strongly enhanced or suppressed depending on the choice of the field parameters. We provide elementary clues on interpretation of our findings. 1
A {\it completed} scattering of a particle on a static one-dimensional (1D) potential barrier is a combined quantum process to consist from two elementary sub-processes (transmission and reflection) evolved coherently at all stages of scattering and macroscopically distinct at the final stage. The existing model of the process is clearly inadequate to its nature: all one-particle "observables" and "tunneling times", introduced as quantities to be common for the sub-processes, cannot be experimentally measured and, consequently, have no physical meaning; on the contrary, quantities introduced for either sub-process have no basis, for the time evolution of either sub-process is unknown in this model. We show that the wave function to describe a completed scattering can be uniquely presented as the sum of two solutions to the Schrödinger equation, which describe separately the sub-processes at all stages of scattering. For symmetric potential barriers such solutions are found explicitly. For either sub-process we define the time spent, on the average, by a particle in the barrier region. We define it as the Larmor time. As it turned out, this time is just Buttiker's dwell time averaged over the corresponding localized state. Thus, firstly, we justify the known definition of the local dwell time introduced by Hauge and co-workers as well by Leavens and Aers, for now this time can be measured; secondly, we confirm that namely Buttiker's dwell time gives the energy-distribution for the tunneling time; thirdly, we state that all the definitions are valid only if they are based on the wave functions for transmission and reflection found in our paper. Besides, we define the exact and asymptotic group times to be auxiliary in timing the scattering process.
We compare efficiency of two methods for numerical solution of the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation, namely the Chebyshev method and the recently introduced generalized Crank‐Nicholson method. As a testing system the free propagation of a particle in one dimension is used. The space discretization is based on the high‐order finite diferences to approximate accurately the kinetic energy operator in the Hamiltonian. We show that the choice of the more effective method depends on how many wave functions must be calculated during the given time interval to obtain relevant and reasonably accurate information about the system, i.e. on the choice of the time step.
A general finite element solution of the Schrödinger equation for a one-dimensional problem is presented. The solver is applicable to both stationary and time-dependent cases with a general user-selected potential term. Furthermore, it is possible to include external magnetic or electric fields, as well as spin-orbital and spin-magnetic interactions. We use analytically soluble problems to validate the solver. The predicted numerical auto-states are compared with the analytical ones, and selected mean values are used to validate the auto-functions. In order to analyze the performance of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, a traveling wave package benchmark was reproduced. In addition, a problem involving the scattering of a wave packet over a double potential barrier shows the performance of the solver in cases of transmission and reflection of packages. Other general problems, related to periodic potentials, are treated with the same general solver and a Lagrange multiplier method to introduce periodic boundary conditions. Some simple cases of known periodic potential solutions are reported.