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Acta Physica Sinica

High-orbital flat bands of ultracold atoms in twisted bilayer honeycomb optical lattices

ZHANG Chun-Yao, GONG Lin-Shan, GUO Hui, MENG Zengming, HAN Wei

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

最近超冷原子扭转双层光晶格的实验实现为在超冷原子体系中研究平带物理提供了新的平台。已有研究表明在扭转双层蜂巢光晶格s轨道能带的狄拉克点处可以形成平带,从而实现对魔角石墨烯材料的量子模拟。本文进一步研究了扭转双层蜂巢光晶格中超冷原子在高轨道的能带性质。结果表明,在合适的层间耦合下,平带不仅可以在s轨道狄拉克点处出现,还能够在高轨道能带中的其他简并点以及能带顶和能带底形成。对于简并点诱导的平带,存在临界耦合强度,在该临界值附近能带最平,超过临界值后能带再次变得不平。相比之下,能带顶和能带底处的平带随层间耦合强度增大而持续变平。在深光晶格区域,随着层间耦合强度的变化,还观察到平带在能谱中的漂移现象。进一步分析表明,高轨道平带与s轨道狄拉克点诱导的平带在拓扑与几何性质上具有明显差异:后者在单粒子层面呈现出由非零Wilson loop缠绕刻画的非平庸拓扑;而前者的几何相位效应通常受到抑制,表现为wilson loop缠绕数为零。特别地,高轨道狄拉克点诱导的平带虽不支持与s带狄拉克点诱导的平带同类型的强拓扑缠绕,但仍保留一定的非阿贝尔几何相位响应,表现为wilson loop相位在零附近出现有限起伏。超冷原子扭转光晶格中这些丰富的平带结构及其拓扑与几何性质,为进一步研究强关联物理和拓扑量子相变奠定了基础。

DOI
10.7498/aps.75.20260216

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In recent years, flat electronic bands in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) have attracted significant attention due to their intriguing topological properties, extremely slow electron velocities, and enhanced density of states. Extending twisted bilayer systems to new configurations is highly desirable, as it offers promising opportunities to explore flat bands beyond TBG. Here, we study both topological and trivial flat bands in a twisted bilayer honeycomb lattice for ultracold atoms and present the evolution of the flat bands with different interlayer coupling strength (ICS). Our results demonstrate that an isolated topological flat band can emerge at the Dirac-point energy for a specific value of weak ICS, referred to as the ``critical coupling.'' This occurs over a wide range of twist angles, surpassing the limits of the magic angle in TBG systems. When the ICS is slightly increased beyond the critical coupling value, the topological flat band exhibits degenerate band crossings with both the upper and lower adjacent bands at the high-symmetry ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{s}$ point. As the ICS is further increased into the strong coupling regime, trivial flat bands arise around Dirac-point energy. Meanwhile, more trivial flat bands appear, extending from the lowest to higher energy bands, and remain flat as the ICS increases. The topological properties of the flat bands are studied through the winding pattern of the Wilson loop spectrum. Our research provides deeper insights into the formation of flat bands in ultracold atoms with highly controllable twisted bilayer optical lattices, and may contribute to the discovery of new strongly correlated states of matter.
固体高次谐波产生是探测非平衡量子多体动力学的重要手段,然而在强关联体系中,传统的纯态演化方法难以自洽地刻画退相干效应。本文基于一维半填充Fermi–Hubbard模型,采用含时薛定谔方程与Lindblad形式的密度矩阵主方程,系统研究了强激光场驱动下关联电子体系的非线性光学响应及其退相干调控机制。首先,通过对比计算证实,在无退相干极限下,两种方法在高次谐波谱及双占据动力学的描述上具有高度一致性。进一步研究发现,引入退相干将显著抑制长轨道与短轨道之间的相干干涉,使谐波谱逐渐呈现出清晰的平台结构与截止特征。双占据动力学分析表明,退相干过程通过缩短量子相干寿命,削弱多体相干对电子跃迁的抑制作用,从而加速双占据态的生成。与此同时,时频分析揭示了退相干的轨道选择性特征,即优先抑制相位敏感的长轨道辐射,而保留由短轨道主导的主要辐射贡献。本研究从微观层面阐明了退相干重塑量子路径干涉的物理机制,为利用多体相互作用与退相干效应优化强关联体系中的高次谐波光源提供了理论依据。