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Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology II

Spin squeezing in an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Emily J. Davis

Published Mar 5, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1117/12.3089882

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We propose a potentially practical scheme for realization of two-mode squeezed state with respect to two distant nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles coupled to two interconnected mechanical modes of diamond nanoresonators. By making use of the tunable phonon-spin interaction and the engineered phonon-phonon tunneling, both the desired excitation transfer process and the optimal two-mode squeezing between spin ensembles can be realized. We investigate the dynamics of the total system under infulences from the mechanical decay using both analytical and numerical methods, where the realistic conditions that leads to optimized squeezing between spin ensembles are analyzed.
Selective alignment of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is an important technique towards its applications. Quantification of the alignment ratio is necessary to design the optimized diamond samples. However, this is not a straightforward problem for dense ensemble of the NV centers. We estimate the alignment ratio of ensemble NV centers along the [111] direction in (111) diamond by optically detected magnetic resonance measurements. Diamond films deposited by N2 doped chemical vapor deposition have NV center densities over 1 × 1015 cm−3 and alignment ratios over 75%. Although spin coherence time (T2) is limited to a few μs by electron spins of nitrogen impurities, the combination of the selective alignment and the high density can be a possible way to optimize NV-containing diamond samples for the sensing applications.
We fabricated n-type–intrinsic–n-type (n–i–n) diamond junctions to stabilize negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV − ) centers. An ensemble of NV centers was generated in a high-purity intrinsic diamond in order to maintain the spin coherence time. The Fermi-energy of the i-layers was controlled by band bending at the two n–i junctions. We confirmed that the NV centers can be modulated toward NV − centers by decreasing the width of the i-layers between adjacent n-layers. The spin coherence time for the NV − centers was maintained even for narrow i-layers.