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arXiv:1512.08605

Phonon induced two-mode squeezing of nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles

Qidong Xu, Wen Li Yang, Zhang‐qi Yin

Published Dec 29, 2015• 1 citation
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Abstract

We propose a potentially practical scheme for realization of two-mode squeezed state with respect to two distant nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles coupled to two interconnected mechanical modes of diamond nanoresonators. By making use of the tunable phonon-spin interaction and the engineered phonon-phonon tunneling, both the desired excitation transfer process and the optimal two-mode squeezing between spin ensembles can be realized. We investigate the dynamics of the total system under infulences from the mechanical decay using both analytical and numerical methods, where the realistic conditions that leads to optimized squeezing between spin ensembles are analyzed.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1512.08605

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We propose a potentially practical scheme for realization of two-mode squeezed state with respect to two distant nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles coupled to two interconnected mechanical modes of diamond nanoresonators. By making use of the tunable phonon-spin interaction and the engineered phonon-phonon tunneling, both the desired excitation transfer process and the optimal two-mode squeezing between spin ensembles can be realized. We investigate the dynamics of the total system under infulences from the mechanical decay using both analytical and numerical methods, where the realistic conditions that leads to optimized squeezing between spin ensembles are analyzed.
We propose an efficient method for generating two-mode squeezed states of the collective excitation of two nitrogen-vacancy-center ensembles (NVEs), which are magnetically coupled to two interacting superconducting transmission line resonators via photon hopping, respectively. By applying the external driving fields to induce Raman transitions between the ground-state sublevels of the nitrogen-vacancy center, an effective interaction between the spin ensembles and the resonators can be engineered. We show that the dissipative quantum dynamical process of the two resonators can be employed to steer the two NVEs into a two-mode squeezed state. By comparison with previous proposals, our scheme does not need either an extra superconducting qubit, or external squeezing resource. The present work may have potential applications for implementing NVE-based hybrid quantum computation.
In a diamond, the mechanical vibration-induced strain can lead to interaction between the mechanical mode and the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. In this work, we propose to utilize the strain-induced coupling for the quantum non-demolition (QND) single phonon measurement and memory in a diamond. The single phonon in a diamond mechanical resonator can be perfectly absorbed and emitted by the NV centers ensemble (NVE) with adiabatically tuning the microwave driving. An optical laser drives the NVE to the excited states, which have much larger coupling strength to the mechanical mode. By adiabatically eliminating the excited states under large detuning limit, the effective coupling between the mechanical mode and the NVE can be used for QND measurement of the single phonon state. Under realistic experimental conditions, we numerically simulate the scheme. It is found that the fidelity of the absorbing and emitting process can reach a much high value. The overlap between the input and the output phonon shapes can reach 98.57%.
A scheme to achieve spin squeezing using a geometric phase induced by a single mechanical mode is proposed. The analytical and numerical results show that the ultimate degree of spin squeezing depends on the parameter nth+1/2QN\frac{{n}_{th}+1/2}{Q\sqrt{N}}QN​nth​+1/2​, which is the ratio between the thermal excitation, the quality factor, and square root of ensemble size. The undesired coupling between the spin ensemble and the bath can be efficiently suppressed by bang-bang control pulses. With high quality factor, the ultimate limit of the ideal one-axis twisting spin squeezing can be obtained for a nitrogen-vacancy ensemble in diamond.
We present a scheme to engineer a two-mode squeezed state of effective bosonic modes realized by collective excitations of two distant nitrogen-vacancy-center ensembles (NVEs) coupled to separated transmission line resonators (TLRs), which are interconnected by a current-biased Josephson-junction superconducting qubit. By making use of the engineered NVE-TLR magnetic coupling with Raman transition between the ground sublevels of the NVEs, we may manipulate the artificial reservoir by tuning the external driving fields. The TLR decay induces an artificial reservoir, which can drive the system to the desired entangled squeezed states. Our idea provides a scalable way to a NVE-based continuous-variable quantum-information processing, which is close to being achievable with currently available technology.
We propose an approach to produce spin squeezed states of a large number of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond nanostructures coupled to an optical cavity. Unlike the previous squeezing method proposed by Bennett et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 156402 (2013)], which is limited by phonon number fluctuations due to the existence of phonon-spin entanglement, our proposal can completely erase the entanglement between spins and hybrid phonon-photon mode mediating the effective spin-spin interaction, and thus achieves unitary one-axis-twisting interactions between nitrogen-vacancy centres, yielding a squeezing scaling J−2/3J^{-2/3}J−2/3, where J is the total angular momentum. We found that, under certain conditions, our method has the potential to enhance the spin-spin nonlinear interactions. We also proposed a scheme utilizing repeatedly applying the one-axis-twisting evolution to two orthogonal spin directions, which enables the transformation of the one-axis-twisting interactions into two-axis-twisting type, and therefore leads to the spin squeezing with Heisenberg-limited scaling J−1J^{-1}J−1. Taking into account the noise effects of spin dephasing and relaxtion, we found that the proposed approaches are robust against imperfections.
In this paper, we investigate entanglement of an experimental system of two nitrogen-vacancy-center ensembles which are initially squeezed under the one-axis twisting Hamiltonian. We take into account three scenarios in which initial squeezing and entanglement are mediated by phonons or photons: (a) the phonon-squeezed photon-entangled scenario, (b) the phonon-squeezed phonon-entangled scenario, and (c) the photon-squeezed photon-entangled scenario. For our investigation, we employ the Tavis-Cummings model, which includes dissipative decoherence of the collective spin ensemble, and analyze the system both for a relatively small number of spins and in the limit of a large number of spins using the approach of a quantum master equation. Although evidence in the literature on idealized coupled oscillator systems and coupled quantum kicked tops suggests that initial squeezing can enhance entanglement, we find that, in the realistic system studied in this paper, initial squeezing can improve entanglement overall when the field mode interacts in a particular manner with the two spin ensembles. Our analysis using the Holstein-Primakoff transformation and Wigner characteristic function in the rotating frame of reference shows that the entanglement enhancement is a subtle consequence of the way in which the dissipative decoherence rotates the state of the collective spin ensemble such that enhancement depends on the time-evolved rotated states between the presence and absence of initial squeezing.