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Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology II

Photonic quantum sensing using frequency entangled photons

Shigeki Takeuchi

Published Mar 5, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this talk, we will report our recent progress on photonic quantum sensing using frequency-entangled photons, including Quantum Fourier- Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (QFTIR) using pulse laser pumping [1], and quantum infrared spectroscopy for the ATR method [2]. We will also briefly discuss an ultra-broadband on-chip frequency entangled photon source[3] and high-resolution quantum optical coherence tomography[4] [1] J. Kaur et al., Phys. Rev. Applied 22, 044015 (2024). [2] T. Kurita et al., Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 014061 (2025).

DOI
10.1117/12.3089849

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In this talk, we will report our recent progress on photonic quantum sensing using frequency-entangled photons, including Quantum Fourier- Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (QFTIR) using pulse laser pumping [1], and quantum infrared spectroscopy for the ATR method [2]. We will also briefly discuss an ultra-broadband on-chip frequency entangled photon source[3] and high-resolution quantum optical coherence tomography[4] [1] J. Kaur et al., Phys. Rev. Applied 22, 044015 (2024). [2] T. Kurita et al., Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 014061 (2025).
In recent years, nonlinear quantum interferometry has been widely explored for applications like spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and imaging [1]. Quantum infrared spectroscopy (QIRS) uses quantum interference of generation processes of frequency-entangled visible-IR photon pairs to perform infrared spectroscopy using visible light sources and silicon-based detectors [2]. This technique utilizes a nonlinear quantum interferometer configuration where the generated IR photons pass through the sample, and the correlated visible photons are detected. The change in the detected visible photon flux with and without the sample helps extract the complex transmittance of the sample in the IR region.
Spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region is an indispensable tool for identifying molecular types in various fields, including physics, chemistry, and medical sciences. However, conventional infrared light sources, detectors, and noise from blackbody radiation have been the obstacles to miniaturization and higher sensitivity of infrared spectrometers. Quantum infrared spectroscopy, which uses visible and infrared photon pairs in a quantum entangled state, has attracted attention as a new sensing technology that enables infrared spectroscopy with detectors in the visible range. However, the bandwidth of conventional quantum entangled light sources is at most 1 µm or less, which hinders broadband measurements, which are important in spectroscopic applications. Here we have realized an ultra-broadband entangled state of visible–infrared photons with wavelengths from 2 to 5 µm, harnessing a specially designed nonlinear crystal with chirped poling structure inside. Furthermore, we constructed a nonlinear quantum interferometer using the ultra-broadband quantum entangled photons and realized broadband infrared spectroscopy of inorganic and organic materials using a visible detector made of silicon. Our results show that quantum infrared spectroscopy can achieve ultra-broadband spectroscopic measurements and pave the way for the highly sensitive, ultra-compact infrared spectrometers using quantum entangled photons.
Quantum interferences of entangled photons have engendered tremendous intriguing phenomena that lack any counterpart in classical physics. Hitherto, owing to the salient properties of quantum optics, quantum interference has been widely studied and provides useful tools that ultimately broaden the path towards ultra-sensitive quantum metrology, ranging from sub-shot-noise quantum sensing to high-resolution optical spectroscopy. In particular, quantum interferometric metrology is an essential requisite for extracting information about the structure and dynamics of photon-sensitive biological and chemical molecules. This article reviews the theoretical and experimental progress of this quantum interferometric metrology technology along with their advanced applications. The scope of this review includes Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometry with ultrahigh timing resolution, entanglement-assisted absorption spectroscopy based on a Fourier transform, and virtual-state spectroscopy using tunable energy-time entangled photons.