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Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials and Devices

Efficient single-photon upconversion detection using PPLN waveguides

Imogen Morland, Ruaridh Smith, Jack W. Thomas, Sarah McCarthy, Krishnamoorthy Pandiyan, Tahsina Ledger, Andrew Weld, Sara Carver, Xiao Ai, Corin B. E. Gawith, Loyd J. McKnight

Published Mar 4, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1117/12.3080596

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We have demonstrated upconversion detection at the single photon level in the 2 μm spectral window using a pump wavelength near 1550 nm, a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide, and a volume Bragg grating (VBG) to reduce noise. We achieve a system photon detection efficiency of 10%, with a noise count rate of 24,500 counts per second, competitive with other 2 μm single photon detection technologies. This detector has potential applications in environmental gas monitoring, life science, and classical and quantum communication.