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Multistability of quantum entanglement and squeezing in nonlinear cavity magnonic systems

Jian-Gong Wang, Qi Guo

Published Mar 4, 2026• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We focus on the multistability of quantum states in a nonlinear cavity magnonic system based on the cooperative effect of the magnon Kerr nonlinearity and the photon Kerr nonlinearity. Under experimentally feasible parameters, we first verify the multistability of magnon frequency shifts induced by the two nonlinearities by solving the classical mean value equations of the system. Then the multistability of the entangled state and squeezed state in the nonlinear system is revealed by investigating the quantum dynamics of the system fluctuations. By comparison, it is found that the multistable parameter regions for the classical states are exactly the same as those for the quantum states. We also explore the role of the system dissipations in the emergence of multistability, and the numerical results show that the multistable parameter regions will progressively shrink with the increase of the dissipations. These findings are meaningful for the study of nonlinear quantum effects in hybrid systems and may have potential applications in quantum information processing, precision measurement, and multifunctional quantum devices.

DOI
10.1364/oe.591917

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We focus on the multistability of quantum states in a nonlinear cavity magnonic system based on the cooperative effect of the magnon Kerr nonlinearity and the photon Kerr nonlinearity. Under experimentally feasible parameters, we first verify the multistability of magnon frequency shifts induced by the two nonlinearities by solving the classical mean value equations of the system. Then the multistability of the entangled state and squeezed state in the nonlinear system is revealed by investigating the quantum dynamics of the system fluctuations. By comparison, it is found that the multistable parameter regions for the classical states are exactly the same as those for the quantum states. We also explore the role of the system dissipations in the emergence of multistability, and the numerical results show that the multistable parameter regions will progressively shrink with the increase of the dissipations. These findings are meaningful for the study of nonlinear quantum effects in hybrid systems and may have potential applications in quantum information processing, precision measurement, and multifunctional quantum devices.
We demonstrate how magnon Kerr nonlinearity creates bistability of quantum states when the magnon mode is strongly driven by a microwave field in a nonlinear cavity magnonic system.Numerical simulation results with experimentally feasible parameters show that the method where the system is driven far from equilibrium is a reliable way to achieve squeezed states for magnons and photons and to carry out magnon-photon entanglement, revealing mysterious phenomena of bistability.In addition, the Kittel mode can jump from one state to another one near two switching points, thus achieving the hysteresis loop phenomenon.Our results indicate that bistable quantum states could provide a way to study macroscopic quantum bistable phenomena in nonlinear systems and also can be found in broad applications in magnetic spintronics.
Abstract Based on the magnon Kerr effect, we show how to generate quantum squeezed states of magnons and photons in the cavity–magnon hybrid system. We find that the squeezing of magnons can be successfully induced by the magnon nonlinearity and the larger two-magnon effect strength will be beneficial to achieving the stronger squeezing of magnon. Resorting to the beam-splitter interaction between the magnons and photons, we further show that the squeezing of photons can be also effectively achieved. By properly choosing the system parameters, we demonstrate that the desired direction of the generated squeezing both for magnons and photons can be flexibly switched between orthogonal directions. Our scheme provides an alternative manipulation method to explore the quantum phenomena with nonlinear effects and also has significant potential applications in quantum precision measurement.
We show that a driven-dissipative cavity-magnonic dimer supports multistability with coexisting symmetric and symmetry-broken steady states. The interplay between magnon Kerr nonlinearity and photon tunneling induces magnon self-trapping, leading to a persistent population imbalance between the two resonators. In the vicinity of saddle-node bifurcations, the system exhibits critical slowing down, with relaxation times far exceeding the intrinsic dissipation scale. Focusing on quan- tum correlations, we analyze the quantum fidelity and mutual information between the intercavity magnon modes. We find that both the infidelity and the mutual information increase sharply near the phase boundaries, providing clear quantum signatures of the multistable and symmetry-broken phases. Our results establish cavity magnonic dimers as a versatile platform for exploring nonlinear nonequilibrium physics in hybrid quantum systems.
Abstract We propose a scheme to generate squeezed states in a cross-shaped cavity magnonics system by Kerr effect originating from the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The system consists of two microwave cavities and a yttrium iron garnet sphere supporting a magnon mode embodying the collective spin motion, and each cavity mode is coupled with the magnon mode through the magnetic-dipole interaction. It is demonstrated that simultaneous squeezing of the two microwave cavity modes and the magnon mode can be achieved due to Kerr nonlinearity, and the squeezing of the magnon mode can break the 3 dB limit. By utilizing a Bogoliubov transformation, a new perspective on the underlying physical mechanism for the generation of the squeezing using Kerr nonlinearity is provided. Moreover, we also demonstrate the strong robustness of the magnon mode’s squeezing against the system dissipation and environmental temperature. The present scheme provides a promising platform for quantum information processing, holding significant implications for quantum metrology and precision measurement.
Quantum entanglement is a fundamental phenomenon in quantum information science and a crucial resource for quantum technologies such as precision sensing, secure communication, and computation. In hybrid cavity magno-optomechanical systems, entanglement among cavity photons, magnons, and phonons enables manipulation of quantum states across different modes via radiation pressure-based light-matter interaction. We propose a hybrid optomechanical cavity-magnonic setup with Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere allowing magnons to couple with photons via magnetic-dipole interaction. The system also uses optomechanical and electrostatic interactions to entangle cavity photons and mechanical resonators. We focus on how the magnon nonlinear Kerr effect and varying coupling strengths influence entanglement dynamics. By analysing nonlinear effects alongside other coupling parameters, we identify optimal conditions for initiating and sustaining robust entanglement between the motional modes (phonons) of two Coulomb-coupled mechanical resonators. Our model predicts that adding Coulomb interaction and magnon coupling enhances the degree and tunability of entanglement, making it more resilient to thermal baths at 3 K. This study addresses how to optimize and sustain phonon-phonon entanglement in complex hybrid quantum systems. These findings offer insights relevant to developing quantum memories for continuous variable quantum information processing and other quantum technologies.
We investigate the generation of entanglement in a cavity magnomechanical system, which consists of magnons and cavity microwave photons and phonons; the magnon–photon and magnon–phonon couplings are achieved by the magnetic dipole interaction and the magnetostrictive interaction, respectively. By introducing magnon squeezing induced by magnon self-Kerr nonlinearity, the magnon–photon, magnon–phonon, and photon–phonon entanglements are enhanced compared with the case without inserting magnon squeezing. We find that an optimal parameter of the squeezing exists, which yields the maximum entanglement. This study provides a new idea for exploring the properties of quantum entanglement in cavity magnomechanical systems, and may have some potential applications in quantum state engineering.