Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Praktická využití silových účinků světla

P. (Pavel) Zemánek, P. (Petr) Jákl

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The mechanical effects of light have been considered for a long time as the domain of science-fiction. However, within the last two decades they found many interesting practical applications. Force coming from the laser beams enables effective slowing down (i.e. cooling) of atoms, spatial trapping and manipulation with micro-objects, living cells, or nano-objects; sorting of micro-objects based on their size, or measuring of forces in the pN range acting on the optically trapped object.

Related papers

Spatial and temporal bounds on quantum effects for micro-organisms

M. Jääskeläinen

Abstract Progress in the experimental nano-sciences and laser cooling has led to the manipulation of material objects with sizes and temperatures such that quantum effects start to appear. This range of sizes coincides with that of the smallest bacteria as well as of the largest viruses, and is often considered to be the boundary between living and nonliving entities. Experiments are rapidly progressing towards putting micro-organisms into quantum superposition states in a controlled manner, resulting in nontrivial quantum effects that we normally do not attribute to living systems. In order to set limits for the occurrence of such effects, I model micro-organisms quantum mechanically and investigate how relevant physical properties are modified from their classical bulk values in the presence of classical self-gravity. The results show that a transition between quantum-like and classical behavior exists right at sizes corresponding to the broad boundary between the smallest bacteria and the largest giant viruses.

Physica Scripta•Apr 16, 2020•0 citations

Laser cooling and trapping of atoms and particles

Steven Chu

The program was to explore the use of light to manipulate atoms And other particles, particularly the cooling and trapping of atoms, the manipulation of biological molecules, and the creations of new devices based on these techniques.

Stanford Univ. Report•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations

Mechanical effects of light

Dieter Suter

In the preceding chapters, we discussed the manipulation and observation of atomic variables associated with the internal degrees of freedom. A complete separation between internal and external degrees of freedom, like position and momentum, is not always possible, however. It therefore appears appropriate to include a discussion of the mechanical effects of light, which have received increasing attention in recent years. The transfer of momentum between photons and atoms, first observed more than sixty years ago, had to wait for the wide availability of lasers to become a useful experimental tool. In particular the cooling of atoms and atomic ions to very low temperatures has found numerous applications. Light-induced forces That light exerts mechanical forces on massive particles like atoms may appear surprising. To motivate the existence of such an effect two different approaches are possible. The first approach considers the light as a collection of photons that carry, apart from energy and angular momentum, linear momentum as well. Photons interacting with atoms can therefore change the momentum of the atoms. The second approach considers light as a wave, i.e., an inhomogeneous electromagnetic field interacting with the atomic dipole moment. Both approaches provide a possible description for the numerous phenomena that can occur in this context, but in many situations, one of them turns out to be more intuitive or more useful for calculations than the other.

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Oct 13, 1997•0 citations

Laser-controlled moving atomic structures for microelectronics

Nikolay M. Sovetov, Anatoly V. Nikonov, Elena V. Naumova +2 more

One proposes the method of neutral atom beam formation due to effect of neutral atoms long-time localization in the minimums of potentials of intense standing wave of resonant light with simultaneous influence of cooling radiation. For fields of complicated configurati on the resonant light pressure force and the momentum diffusion tensor of two-level atom ensemble are presented. Mathematical modeling is based on the solving of equations for their spatial terms. One shows that with cooling time about 2 - 3 ms and with manipulation of intensity of co-propagated light wave, the arbitrary given cross-section atom density distribution with the contrast up to 1000 can be produced. One demonstrates that size of localization region can be essentially decreased by sweeping of cooling light carrier frequency in the range about 2 - 3 widths of moving atoms spectral transition lines. Low temperature cooling of atoms in the beam and 'soft' output from interaction region allow us to produce the well-manipulated practically aberration-off process. In this case transverse compression of image in cross-section of atomic beam can reach to 106 with given level of contrast. Calculations shows that at modern level of laser technique the spatial resolution of such process can reach to 30 - 50 A. The possibility of using of given method for high-resolution development and the analyses of micro-object surfaces is discussed.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 9, 1997•0 citations

Laser manipulation of atoms. From incoherent atom optics to atom lasers

G. Grynberg, Alain Aspect, Claude Fabre +1 more

When the Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Philipps and Steven Chu in 1997 for the development of methods for cooling and trapping atoms using lasers, this was the reward for two decades of investigations not only touching upon the fundamental aspects of the light–matter interaction, but also leading to a range of applications. On the theoretical level, the advent of this field of research in the late 1970s stimulated the development of various theoretical methods for describing the radiative forces by which light affects the motion of atoms. On the experimental level, judicious use of the radiative forces exerted by lasers made it possible to obtain a drastic reduction of atomic velocities – in other words, to cool an atomic vapour. These advances were characterized by a remarkable cross-fertilization of theoretical and experimental innovations. It was not long before applications began to appear in the field of high-resolution spectroscopy, since ultracold, i.e. slow, atoms can be observed for longer periods, and this allows greater accuracy when measuring atomic resonance frequencies than could be obtained for atoms at room temperature. Based on such resonances, the most accurate clocks in the world use laser-cooled atoms or ions. Atom interferometry is another application of laser manipulation of atoms, which can be applied to measure inertial effects, due for example to the rotation of the Earth or the motion of a vehicle, with an accuracy that already exceeds traditional methods.

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Sep 2, 2010•0 citations

Cooling, Trapping and Manipulation of Neutral Atoms and Bose-Einstein Condensates by Electromagnetic Fields

Kristian Helmerson, William D. Phillips

We give a general discussion of the mechanical effects of light, and of laser cooling and trapping techniques. This is followed by a description of experiments in the manipulation of Bose-Einstein condensates with optical laser pulses.

Modern Physics Letters B•Sep 1, 2000•0 citations
The mechanical effects of light have been considered for a long time as the domain of science-fiction. However, within the last two decades they found many interesting practical applications. Force coming from the laser beams enables effective slowing down (i.e. cooling) of atoms, spatial trapping and manipulation with micro-objects, living cells, or nano-objects; sorting of micro-objects based on their size, or measuring of forces in the pN range acting on the optically trapped object.
Abstract Progress in the experimental nano-sciences and laser cooling has led to the manipulation of material objects with sizes and temperatures such that quantum effects start to appear. This range of sizes coincides with that of the smallest bacteria as well as of the largest viruses, and is often considered to be the boundary between living and nonliving entities. Experiments are rapidly progressing towards putting micro-organisms into quantum superposition states in a controlled manner, resulting in nontrivial quantum effects that we normally do not attribute to living systems. In order to set limits for the occurrence of such effects, I model micro-organisms quantum mechanically and investigate how relevant physical properties are modified from their classical bulk values in the presence of classical self-gravity. The results show that a transition between quantum-like and classical behavior exists right at sizes corresponding to the broad boundary between the smallest bacteria and the largest giant viruses.
In the preceding chapters, we discussed the manipulation and observation of atomic variables associated with the internal degrees of freedom. A complete separation between internal and external degrees of freedom, like position and momentum, is not always possible, however. It therefore appears appropriate to include a discussion of the mechanical effects of light, which have received increasing attention in recent years. The transfer of momentum between photons and atoms, first observed more than sixty years ago, had to wait for the wide availability of lasers to become a useful experimental tool. In particular the cooling of atoms and atomic ions to very low temperatures has found numerous applications. Light-induced forces That light exerts mechanical forces on massive particles like atoms may appear surprising. To motivate the existence of such an effect two different approaches are possible. The first approach considers the light as a collection of photons that carry, apart from energy and angular momentum, linear momentum as well. Photons interacting with atoms can therefore change the momentum of the atoms. The second approach considers light as a wave, i.e., an inhomogeneous electromagnetic field interacting with the atomic dipole moment. Both approaches provide a possible description for the numerous phenomena that can occur in this context, but in many situations, one of them turns out to be more intuitive or more useful for calculations than the other.
One proposes the method of neutral atom beam formation due to effect of neutral atoms long-time localization in the minimums of potentials of intense standing wave of resonant light with simultaneous influence of cooling radiation. For fields of complicated configurati on the resonant light pressure force and the momentum diffusion tensor of two-level atom ensemble are presented. Mathematical modeling is based on the solving of equations for their spatial terms. One shows that with cooling time about 2 - 3 ms and with manipulation of intensity of co-propagated light wave, the arbitrary given cross-section atom density distribution with the contrast up to 1000 can be produced. One demonstrates that size of localization region can be essentially decreased by sweeping of cooling light carrier frequency in the range about 2 - 3 widths of moving atoms spectral transition lines. Low temperature cooling of atoms in the beam and 'soft' output from interaction region allow us to produce the well-manipulated practically aberration-off process. In this case transverse compression of image in cross-section of atomic beam can reach to 106 with given level of contrast. Calculations shows that at modern level of laser technique the spatial resolution of such process can reach to 30 - 50 A. The possibility of using of given method for high-resolution development and the analyses of micro-object surfaces is discussed.
When the Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Philipps and Steven Chu in 1997 for the development of methods for cooling and trapping atoms using lasers, this was the reward for two decades of investigations not only touching upon the fundamental aspects of the light–matter interaction, but also leading to a range of applications. On the theoretical level, the advent of this field of research in the late 1970s stimulated the development of various theoretical methods for describing the radiative forces by which light affects the motion of atoms. On the experimental level, judicious use of the radiative forces exerted by lasers made it possible to obtain a drastic reduction of atomic velocities – in other words, to cool an atomic vapour. These advances were characterized by a remarkable cross-fertilization of theoretical and experimental innovations. It was not long before applications began to appear in the field of high-resolution spectroscopy, since ultracold, i.e. slow, atoms can be observed for longer periods, and this allows greater accuracy when measuring atomic resonance frequencies than could be obtained for atoms at room temperature. Based on such resonances, the most accurate clocks in the world use laser-cooled atoms or ions. Atom interferometry is another application of laser manipulation of atoms, which can be applied to measure inertial effects, due for example to the rotation of the Earth or the motion of a vehicle, with an accuracy that already exceeds traditional methods.