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Solutions of multi-component NLS models and Spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

Gerdjikov V.S., Nikolay A. Kostov, Valchev T.I.

Published Jul 14, 2009• 0 citations
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Abstract

Three- and five-component nonlinear Schrödinger-type models, which describe spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC's) with hyperfine structures F = 1 and F = 2, respectively, are studied. These models for particular values of the coupling constants are integrable by the inverse scattering method. They are related to symmetric spaces of BD.I-type ≃ SO(2r + 1) / SO(2) × SO(2r -1) for r = 2 and r = 3. Using conveniently modified Zakharov-Shabat dressing procedure we obtain different types of soliton solutions. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Three- and five-component nonlinear Schrödinger-type models, which describe spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC's) with hyperfine structures F = 1 and F = 2, respectively, are studied. These models for particular values of the coupling constants are integrable by the inverse scattering method. They are related to symmetric spaces of BD.I-type ≃ SO(2r + 1) / SO(2) × SO(2r -1) for r = 2 and r = 3. Using conveniently modified Zakharov-Shabat dressing procedure we obtain different types of soliton solutions. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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We find one-, two-, and three-component solitons of the polar and ferromagnetic (FM) types in the general (nonintegrable) model of a spinor (three-component) model of the Bose-Einstein condensate, based on a system of three nonlinearly coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. The stability of the solitons is studied by means of direct simulations and, in a part, analytically, using linearized equations for small perturbations. Global stability of the solitons is considered by means of an energy comparison. As a result, ground-state and metastable soliton states of the FM and polar types are identified. For the special integrable version of the model, we develop the Darboux transformation (DT). As an application of the DT, analytical solutions are obtained that display full nonlinear evolution of the modulational instability of a continuous-wave state seeded by a small spatially periodic perturbation. Additionally, by dint of direct simulations, we demonstrate that solitons of both the polar and FM types, found in the integrable system, are structurally stable; i.e., they are robust under random changes of the relevant nonlinear coefficient in time.
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We introduce a class of solitonlike entities in spinor three-component Bose-Einstein condensates. These entities generalize well-known solitons. For special values of coupling constants, the system considered is completely integrable and supports NNN soliton solutions. The one-soliton solutions can be generalized to systems with different values of coupling constants. However, they no longer interact elastically. When two so-generalized solitons collide, a spin component oscillation is observed in both emerging entities. We propose to call these newfound entities oscillatons. They propagate without dispersion and retain their character after collisions. We derive an exact mathematical model for oscillatons and show that the well-known one-soliton solutions are a particular case.