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CRC Press eBooks

QNNs with Noisy Harmonic Oscillators, Strings, and Gravitational Control

Harish Parthasarathy

Published Feb 27, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Let [ a , a = 1. Let https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"> ρ ( t ) = Z ( t ) exp − β 1 ( t ) a ∗ a + β 2 ( t ) a 2 + β ¯ 2 ( t ) a ∗ 2 − β 3 ( t ) a − β ¯ 3 ( t ) a ∗ where β 1 ( t ) is real, Z ( t ), β 1 ( t ), β 2 ( t ), β 3 ( t ) are constrained by the conditions https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"> T r ( ρ ( t ) ) = and ρ ( t ) satisfies the GKSL equation https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"> ρ ′ ( t ) = − i [ H , ρ ( t ) ] − ( 1 / 2 ) L L ∗ ρ ( t ) + ρ ( t ) L L ∗ − 2 L ∗ ρ ( t ) L with https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"> H = ω a ∗ a + λ a + λ ¯ a ∗ L = α a + β a ∗ , α , β , λ ∈ ℂ

DOI
10.1201/9781003783572-3

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The n -puzzle is a classical problem for modeling algorithms. For n -puzzle there are https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> n + 1 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_1.tif "/> different objects: n cells and one empty cell. Each object can be coded by https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> ρ = ⌈ log 2 ⁡ n + 1 ⌉ https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_2.tif "/> qubits and a configuration of https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> n + 1 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_3.tif "/> objects can be represented by a register of https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> z := ρ ⋅ ( n + 1 ) https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_4.tif "/> qubits https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> | x ⟩ https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_5.tif "/> . The function https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> g ( x ) https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_6.tif "/> is represented a unitary operator T . T acts on the https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> z + 1 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_7.tif "/> qubits with https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> x ∈ B z https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_8.tif "/> and https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> c ∈ B 1 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_9.tif "/> https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"> T ⋅ | x ⟩ | c ⟩ = | x ⟩ | f ( x ) ⊕ c ⟩ . https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_10.tif "/>

Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks•Nov 28, 2023•0 citations
Let [ a , a = 1. Let https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"> ρ ( t ) = Z ( t ) exp − β 1 ( t ) a ∗ a + β 2 ( t ) a 2 + β ¯ 2 ( t ) a ∗ 2 − β 3 ( t ) a − β ¯ 3 ( t ) a ∗ where β 1 ( t ) is real, Z ( t ), β 1 ( t ), β 2 ( t ), β 3 ( t ) are constrained by the conditions https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"> T r ( ρ ( t ) ) = and ρ ( t ) satisfies the GKSL equation https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"> ρ ′ ( t ) = − i [ H , ρ ( t ) ] − ( 1 / 2 ) L L ∗ ρ ( t ) + ρ ( t ) L L ∗ − 2 L ∗ ρ ( t ) L with https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"> H = ω a ∗ a + λ a + λ ¯ a ∗ L = α a + β a ∗ , α , β , λ ∈ ℂ
If we include all three spatial dimensions, the time-dependent wave function https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> Ψ ( x , y , z , t ) depends on four coordinates. A wave function of this form determines the probability density https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> ρ t ( x , y , z ) = | Ψ ( x , y , z , t ) | 2 for measurements of the spatial position https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> ( x , y , z ) . The product https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> | Ψ ( x , y , z , t ) | 2 d x d y d z therefore equals the probability of finding a particle in a small cubic volume with side lengths https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> ( d x , d y , d z ) around https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> ( x , y , z ) at time t . The normalization condition for this probability density is given by 4.1 https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"> ∫ − ∞ ∞ ∫ − ∞ ∞ ∫ − ∞ ∞ | Ψ ( x , y , z , t ) | 2 d x d y d z = 1 for all t .
There is more information in a quantum state than in the classical initial values https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> ( x 0 , p 0 ) that determine the complete 1-dimensional motion of a point particle for a given force. The initial wave function https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> Ψ ( x , 0 ) requires an infinite number of parameters, which can be expressed in observational terms as the two basic expectation values https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> ⟨ x ^ ⟩ and https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> ⟨ p ^ ⟩ together with the two variances https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> ( σ x 2 , σ p 2 ) and the covariance 5.1 https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"> C x p = 1 2 ⟨ x ^ p ^ + p ^ x ^ ⟩ − ⟨ x ^ ⟩ ⟨ p ^ ⟩ ,
The n -puzzle is a classical problem for modeling algorithms. For n -puzzle there are https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> n + 1 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_1.tif "/> different objects: n cells and one empty cell. Each object can be coded by https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> ρ = ⌈ log 2 ⁡ n + 1 ⌉ https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_2.tif "/> qubits and a configuration of https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> n + 1 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_3.tif "/> objects can be represented by a register of https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> z := ρ ⋅ ( n + 1 ) https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_4.tif "/> qubits https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> | x ⟩ https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_5.tif "/> . The function https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> g ( x ) https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_6.tif "/> is represented a unitary operator T . T acts on the https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> z + 1 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_7.tif "/> qubits with https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> x ∈ B z https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_8.tif "/> and https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> c ∈ B 1 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_9.tif "/> https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"> T ⋅ | x ⟩ | c ⟩ = | x ⟩ | f ( x ) ⊕ c ⟩ . https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003374404/4745344c-4074-4386-85e6-ca8a3849de1f/content/math10_10.tif "/>