We present a theoretical framework in which the interference pattern of the double-slit experiment emerges from a variational principle defined on an informational manifold rather than from postulated wave–particle duality. Within the Viscous Time Theory (VTT) framework, physical systems are described by identity-preserving trajectories that minimize an informational latency functional. The competition between two permissible trajectories under finite latency produces a coherent term analogous to an interference phase, without assuming a physical wave or pre-existing superposition. The resulting probability distribution reduces to the standard double-slit formula in the limit of uniform latency and recovers the disappearance of interference under which-way detection as a breakdown of coherent identity. The model introduces a gradient of informational awareness that predicts a localized collapse event associated with a tensor activation reflecting the transition to a single-path regime. We propose an experimental protocol combining single-photon interference with EEG recordings to test whether early variations in the awareness gradient correlate with the collapse of coherence. We further report a model-based validation using a synchronized double-slit and EEG-inspired signal protocol, in which analytically constructed waveforms—consistent with published spectral properties—are used to illustrate threshold-driven collapse behavior, finite-time collapse dynamics, and improved predictive performance of the VTT model compared to standard decoherence-based descriptions. The framework thus provides a testable and experimentally supported informational interpretation of quantum interference, suggesting that wave–particle transitions correspond to a reorganization of identity in viscous informational time rather than a change in physical ontology.
We present a theoretical framework in which the interference pattern of the double-slit experiment emerges from a variational principle defined on an informational manifold rather than from postulated wave–particle duality. Within the Viscous Time Theory (VTT) framework, physical systems are described by identity-preserving trajectories that minimize an informational latency functional. The competition between two permissible trajectories under finite latency produces a coherent term analogous to an interference phase, without assuming a physical wave or pre-existing superposition. The resulting probability distribution reduces to the standard double-slit formula in the limit of uniform latency and recovers the disappearance of interference under which-way detection as a breakdown of coherent identity. The model introduces a gradient of informational awareness that predicts a localized collapse event associated with a tensor activation reflecting the transition to a single-path regime. We propose an experimental protocol combining single-photon interference with EEG recordings to test whether early variations in the awareness gradient correlate with the collapse of coherence. We further report a model-based validation using a synchronized double-slit and EEG-inspired signal protocol, in which analytically constructed waveforms—consistent with published spectral properties—are used to illustrate threshold-driven collapse behavior, finite-time collapse dynamics, and improved predictive performance of the VTT model compared to standard decoherence-based descriptions. The framework thus provides a testable and experimentally supported informational interpretation of quantum interference, suggesting that wave–particle transitions correspond to a reorganization of identity in viscous informational time rather than a change in physical ontology.
This work presents a unified, interpretive account of quantum interference and delayed-choice experiments that applies equally to photons and massive particles. Rather than invoking spacetime trajectories, wave–particle duality, retrocausality, or collapse postulates, the paper locates quantum interference in the coherent evolution of internal, pre-geometric degrees of freedom defined over classical spacetime. Within this framework, “which-path” questions are not merely unanswered but fundamentally ill-posed: interference arises from global coherence of an internal field subject to experimental boundary conditions, while spacetime itself remains single-valued and classical at laboratory scales. The approach reproduces all standard quantum-mechanical predictions without modification and is explicitly interpretive rather than predictive. A central result is a unified explanation of why interference occurs across disparate physical systems—photons, electrons, atoms, and molecules—while decoherence manifests through system-dependent physical mechanisms. Photons and massive particles differ in how internal coherence is lost (e.g., electromagnetic absorption versus collisional and thermal interactions), but not in the underlying principle. Delayed-choice experiments are reinterpreted without paradox: changes to the apparatus modify boundary conditions for the internal field rather than retroactively altering particle histories. By removing spacetime paths from the fundamental ontology, the framework offers a consistent, path-free account of interference, decoherence, and localized detection that preserves the empirical success of quantum mechanics while clarifying its conceptual foundations.
This work presents a geometric reinterpretation of wave–particle duality within the ETIM framework (Emergent Time from Information Manifolds). In ETIM, a photon is modeled not as a particle or a wave but as an informational distribution evolving on an underlying manifold equipped with a metric, connection, and curvature. The double-slit experiment is reinterpreted as a boundary-condition problem: the slits shape informational flow, producing branching, geometric overlap, and interference. Measurement corresponds to the localization of information induced by changes in boundary conditions, rather than wavefunction collapse.This approach unifies interference, localization, and the emergence of time within a single geometric structure. Extended informational distributions correspond to pre-temporal regimes in which multiple futures coexist, while localization marks the onset of definite temporal ordering. The ETIM framework thus provides a coherent and conceptually transparent alternative to standard quantum mechanical interpretations of the double-slit experiment. 本研究は、ETIM(Emergent Time from Information Manifolds)枠組みに基づき、二重スリット実験における波動・粒子二重性を幾何学的に再解釈するものである。ETIMでは、光子は粒子でも波でもなく、基底となる情報多様体上で進化する「情報分布」として記述される。多様体の計量・接続・曲率といった幾何学的構造が情報状態の進化を決定し、二重スリット装置は境界条件として情報流を分岐・重ね合わせへと導く。測定は波動関数の崩壊ではなく、境界条件の変化によって誘起される情報の局在化として理解される。この枠組みにより、干渉・局在化・時間生成が単一の幾何学的構造の中で統一的に説明される。広がった情報分布は複数の未来が共存する前時間的領域に対応し、局在化は明確な時間順序が成立する瞬間を示す。ETIMは、従来パラドックスとみなされてきた量子現象に対し、整合的で透明性の高い幾何学的解釈を提供する。
IFT-ISE is a unified quantum–informational framework in which wave–particle behavior emerges from the interaction between informational structure, geometry, and time. The model extends the standard photonic Hilbert space by introducing an internal informational subsystem, not as a new force or interaction, but as a generator of relational constraints. The framework combines Informational Field Theory (IFT)—where spatial probability distributions arise from local informational entropy gradients—with Internal State Encoding (ISE), a discrete informational basis governing the accessibility of particle-like states. Within this perspective, informational asymmetry does not induce collapse through measurement, but generates relational time and state distinguishability within the local informational geometry. Since photons possess no proper time, the emergence of even minimal relational time renders wave-like propagation incompatible, enforcing particle-like behavior without invoking observer-induced collapse. This reinterpretation provides a physically transparent explanation for the extreme sensitivity of the double-slit experiment to infinitesimal which-path information. IFT-ISE reconstructs the double-slit experiment, predicts upstream coherence modulation prior to slit interaction, and extends naturally to black-hole horizons, where extreme informational geometry suppresses temporal accessibility and amplifies informational structure. Mathematical derivations, conceptual diagrams, and experimentally testable predictions are provided, offering a coherent informational foundation for quantum optical and gravitational boundary phenomena.
The double‑slit experiment epitomizes the wave–particle duality of quantum mechanics. In standard treatments, the interference pattern follows from superposition, while measurement of “which path” destroys coherence. The precise mechanism that turns a coherent superposition into a localized detection event remains an open question. We propose an operator‑based model within the open‑quantum‑system framework that describes the entire process through seven effective Lindblad generators: fluctuating diffusion (initial wavepacket spreading), cyclic reset (quantum Zeno effect), spatial‑mode splitting (simultaneous excitation of both slits), free evolution (interference formation), liminal projection (threshold‑activated measurement), irreversible loss (detector inefficiency), and subspace mapping (projection onto a definite detection outcome). Unlike standard quantum mechanics, the model introduces a nonlinear decoherence rate that depends on the spatial spread of the wavefunction, capturing environment back‑action through a feedback‑controlled coupling. This dependence leads to a small but testable reduction of fringe visibility with increasing particle flux or wavepacket width, even in the absence of explicit which‑path measurement. The measurement activation is modeled as a smooth threshold function, giving a sharp transition in detection probability as the system reaches the screen. Analytical expressions for visibility and the critical Zeno frequency are derived, and numerical simulations are presented. The predictions are accessible with current experimental technology (weak measurements, controlled decoherence, cavity‑QED systems). The framework suggests that wave–particle duality can be understood as a dissipative phase transition, bridging foundational quantum theory with practical open‑system control.
Description: This study provides a testable geometric origin explanation for wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics, starting from first principles of discrete geometry. Core Scientific Question While the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics can precisely predict experimental phenomena such as double-slit interference, the physical origin of wave-particle duality itself has long been treated as a fundamental axiom, lacking deeper explanation. This work attempts to answer: Could quantum phenomena arise from the collective statistical behavior of more fundamental discrete geometric structures? Theoretical Framework Based on a recently developed discrete geometry framework, we regard continuous spacetime as emerging from the topological gluing and recursive folding of Cantor sets. This geometric construction naturally leads to defect structures carrying intrinsic degrees of freedom, whose statistical fluctuations manifest as random noise accompanying the geometric phase field. The two-point correlation of the noise characterizes thermalization information, while higher-order correlations carry non-Gaussian information and long-term memory. Core Predictions For the double-slit interference experiment, we derive a coherence evolution formula and make three directly testable predictions: First, even under strong which-path measurement, interference fringes will exhibit residual visibility due to contributions from higher-order noise correlations, with magnitude between one-thousandth and one-hundredth. This stands in sharp contrast to the complete disappearance predicted by standard decoherence theory. Second, the decoherence process exhibits biexponential behavior, with fast and slow time scales whose ratio ranges from one hundred to one thousand. Third, path information and interference visibility satisfy a specific conservation relation, reflecting the intrinsic constraints on information transformation in discrete geometry. Experimental Proposal We propose a quantum optics experiment using squeezed light to test these predictions. The scheme employs nano-fabricated double slits and single-photon sources with tunable statistical properties, directly verifying the physical effects of higher-order correlations by comparing interference visibility differences between squeezed and coherent light sources. Current single-photon source technology already possesses the capability to resolve the required precision. Scientific Significance If the predictions are confirmed, this would for the first time experimentally establish quantum phenomena as collective statistical manifestations of discrete geometric structures, providing a geometric origin explanation for the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and an objective, consciousness-free mechanism for wavefunction collapse. Furthermore, this would provide tabletop experimental evidence for Planck-scale spacetime discreteness, building a bridge between quantum foundations and cosmological information research. If falsified, this would constrain microscopic parameters in the theory, pushing the model toward more complex colored noise generalizations. 描述: 本研究从离散几何的第一原理出发,为量子力学中的波粒二象性提供了一个可检验的几何起源解释。 核心科学问题 量子力学的数学形式主义能够精确预测双缝干涉等实验现象,但波粒二象性本身的物理起源长期被视为基本公理,缺乏更深层次的解释。本工作试图回答:量子现象是否可能源于更基本的离散几何结构的集体统计行为? 理论框架 基于近期发展的离散几何框架,我们将连续时空视为从康托尔集的拓扑粘合与递归折叠中涌现的结果。这一几何构建自然导出了带有内禀自由度的缺陷结构,其统计涨落表现为伴随几何相场的随机噪声。噪声的两点关联刻画热化信息,而高阶关联则携带非高斯信息和长期记忆。 核心预言 针对双缝干涉实验,我们推导了相干度演化公式,并作出三个可直接检验的预言: 第一,即使在强路径测量下,由于噪声高阶关联的贡献,干涉条纹仍将存在残余可见度,其量级在千分之一到百分之一之间。这与标准退相干理论预言的完全消失形成鲜明对比。 第二,退相干过程呈现双指数行为,存在快慢两个时间尺度,其比值在百倍到千倍之间。 第三,路径信息与干涉可见度满足特定的守恒关系,反映了离散几何中信息转化的内在约束。 实验方案 我们提出了一个基于压缩态光的量子光学实验方案来检验上述预言。该方案利用纳米加工双缝和可调统计性质的单光子源,通过比较压缩态与相干态光源的干涉可见度差异,直接验证高阶关联的物理效应。当前单光子源技术已具备分辨所需精度的能力。 科学意义 若预言被证实,将首次从实验上确立量子现象是离散几何结构的集体统计表现,为海森堡不确定性原理提供几何起源解释,并为波函数坍缩提供无需意识的客观机制。同时,这将为普朗克尺度的时空离散性提供桌面实验证据,架起量子基础与宇宙学信息研究的桥梁。若被证伪,则将约束理论中的微观参数,推动模型向更复杂的有色噪声方向拓展。
The double-slit experiment has long been interpreted as evidence of wave-particle duality and quantum superposition. Here we propose a deterministic alternative rooted in Trembling Spacetime Relativity Theory (TSRT), where particles always follow localized proper-time geodesics within a causally structured but metrically fluctuating spacetime. Apparent interference fringes arise not from wavefunction superposition, but from the deterministic redirection of particle geodesics due to curvature perturbations shaped by the slit geometry. The observed distribution of arrival positions is governed by two geometric mechanisms: (i) the slit separation, which sets the angular deflection range of redirected geodesics, and (ii) a minimal action threshold that enforces a resolution limit based on causal distinguishability. Planck’s constant emerges naturally from this causal constraint as the smallest resolvable geodesic action difference, without any quantum postulates. TSRT provides analytical predictions for fringe spacing and intensity distribution across a wide range of particles—photons, electrons, and neutrons—by applying geometric deflection laws to causally permitted geodesics. These predictions align closely with established experimental results. In addition, the TSRT framework enables simulation of arbitrary configurations by modeling ensembles of geodesics subject to metric trembling, providing a fully geometric alternative to quantum superposition.