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Biosystems

A quantum logic gate framework for triosephosphate isomerase: Decoherence-induced toxicity

Daniele Romanello, Andrea Romanello

Published Feb 4, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.biosystems.2026.105715

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Abstract This study presents the hypothesis that triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), a pivotal enzyme in glycolysis, functions as a quantum logic gate. Utilizing quantum mechanics, we model TIM’s catalytic conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) as a quantum operation involving precise proton transfer. To explore the broader implications of this quantum behavior, we developed a quantum model to assess the impact of Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on methylglyoxal formation, a toxic byproduct linked to advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Our model predicts that SGLT2i could reduce methylglyoxal by decreasing the likelihood of intermediate formation, providing a potential mechanism for their protective effects observed in clinical contexts, including vascular and renal protection in diabetes, nephropathy, and heart failure. By reframing TIM as a quantum logic gate, this study not only challenges traditional views of enzymatic function but also opens new avenues for quantum biology, offering profound implications for the future of metabolic disease research and drug development. Moreover considering methylglyoxal as a result of a quantum tunnel inefficiency, it’s possible to hypothesize a new “noxa patogena” explicating it’s action as quantum interference.

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• Published on bioRxiv, presenting a biophysical hypothesis that models triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), an enzyme essential for cellular glucose metabolism, as a quantum logic gate. • Predicted through a quantum mechanical model that SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a diabetes treatment, reduce the probability of quantum decoherence in the TIM enzyme reaction. • Pioneering a new research frontier of quantum pharmacology by preventing the production of methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic byproduct, through the suppression of decoherence. [Quantum Biology Society] Groundbreaking biophysical research has been published revealing that an enzyme essential for cellular glucose metabolism (glycolysis) virtually operates like a quantum logic gate, the computational unit of a quantum computer. Going beyond classical biochemistry, this is a milestone achievement interpreting the human protective mechanisms of metabolic disease treatments from the perspective of subatomic quantum information processing. A paper titled "Triosephosphate Isomerase as a Quantum Logic Gate: Could quantum decoherence be toxic?" was released on the preprint repository bioRxiv. A joint research team of Daniele Romanello, a physician in Internal Medicine at Ospedale San Pietro Fatebenefratelli in Rome, Italy, and Andrea Romanello from the Department of Information Engineering at Sapienza University of Rome proposed this innovative quantum medical model. ■ Enzyme Catalysis Interpreted as Quantum Computation The researchers focused on the catalytic process of triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), a key enzyme in glycolysis, converting dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). Instead of viewing this process merely as a classical "lock-and-key" model where specific molecular structures fit together, they remodeled it as a highly advanced quantum computational workflow involving precise proton transfer. This implies that enzymes in vivo act as logic circuits that autonomously control quantum states to derive specific biochemical outcomes. ■ SGLT2 Inhibitors Protect Cells by Preventing Quantum Decoherence What is even more interesting is that this quantum model interpreted the hidden human protective effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), which are widely prescribed as treatments for heart failure and diabetes. According to the model's predictions, if quantum decoherence occurs—where the enzyme loses its quantum state due to interference from the external environment during the metabolic process—it produces methylglyoxal, a toxic byproduct that destroys cells and strongly accelerates aging. As a result of the researchers' analysis, SGLT2i drugs were found to significantly reduce the probability of quantum decoherence in this TIM enzyme reaction. In other words, by suppressing the noise in the intracellular quantum computation process, the drug dramatically lowers the accumulation of the highly toxic substance methylglyoxal, ultimately exerting a powerful organ-protective effect. ■ The Prelude to the Era of Quantum Pharmacology This study holds great significance in that it reinterprets the pathogenesis of diseases and the mechanism of drug action beyond molecular chemical bonds, from the perspective of quantum coherence and dynamics. Experts anticipate that this approach will serve as an excellent starting point for quantum pharmacology, bringing a fundamental paradigm shift to the design of next-generation drugs for treating metabolic syndrome and degenerative diseases.

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Abstract This study presents the hypothesis that triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), a pivotal enzyme in glycolysis, functions as a quantum logic gate. Utilizing quantum mechanics, we model TIM’s catalytic conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) as a quantum operation involving precise proton transfer. To explore the broader implications of this quantum behavior, we developed a quantum model to assess the impact of Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on methylglyoxal formation, a toxic byproduct linked to advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Our model predicts that SGLT2i could reduce methylglyoxal by decreasing the likelihood of intermediate formation, providing a potential mechanism for their protective effects observed in clinical contexts, including vascular and renal protection in diabetes, nephropathy, and heart failure. By reframing TIM as a quantum logic gate, this study not only challenges traditional views of enzymatic function but also opens new avenues for quantum biology, offering profound implications for the future of metabolic disease research and drug development. Moreover considering methylglyoxal as a result of a quantum tunnel inefficiency, it’s possible to hypothesize a new “noxa patogena” explicating it’s action as quantum interference.
• Published on bioRxiv, presenting a biophysical hypothesis that models triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), an enzyme essential for cellular glucose metabolism, as a quantum logic gate. • Predicted through a quantum mechanical model that SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a diabetes treatment, reduce the probability of quantum decoherence in the TIM enzyme reaction. • Pioneering a new research frontier of quantum pharmacology by preventing the production of methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic byproduct, through the suppression of decoherence. [Quantum Biology Society] Groundbreaking biophysical research has been published revealing that an enzyme essential for cellular glucose metabolism (glycolysis) virtually operates like a quantum logic gate, the computational unit of a quantum computer. Going beyond classical biochemistry, this is a milestone achievement interpreting the human protective mechanisms of metabolic disease treatments from the perspective of subatomic quantum information processing. A paper titled "Triosephosphate Isomerase as a Quantum Logic Gate: Could quantum decoherence be toxic?" was released on the preprint repository bioRxiv. A joint research team of Daniele Romanello, a physician in Internal Medicine at Ospedale San Pietro Fatebenefratelli in Rome, Italy, and Andrea Romanello from the Department of Information Engineering at Sapienza University of Rome proposed this innovative quantum medical model. ■ Enzyme Catalysis Interpreted as Quantum Computation The researchers focused on the catalytic process of triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), a key enzyme in glycolysis, converting dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). Instead of viewing this process merely as a classical "lock-and-key" model where specific molecular structures fit together, they remodeled it as a highly advanced quantum computational workflow involving precise proton transfer. This implies that enzymes in vivo act as logic circuits that autonomously control quantum states to derive specific biochemical outcomes. ■ SGLT2 Inhibitors Protect Cells by Preventing Quantum Decoherence What is even more interesting is that this quantum model interpreted the hidden human protective effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), which are widely prescribed as treatments for heart failure and diabetes. According to the model's predictions, if quantum decoherence occurs—where the enzyme loses its quantum state due to interference from the external environment during the metabolic process—it produces methylglyoxal, a toxic byproduct that destroys cells and strongly accelerates aging. As a result of the researchers' analysis, SGLT2i drugs were found to significantly reduce the probability of quantum decoherence in this TIM enzyme reaction. In other words, by suppressing the noise in the intracellular quantum computation process, the drug dramatically lowers the accumulation of the highly toxic substance methylglyoxal, ultimately exerting a powerful organ-protective effect. ■ The Prelude to the Era of Quantum Pharmacology This study holds great significance in that it reinterprets the pathogenesis of diseases and the mechanism of drug action beyond molecular chemical bonds, from the perspective of quantum coherence and dynamics. Experts anticipate that this approach will serve as an excellent starting point for quantum pharmacology, bringing a fundamental paradigm shift to the design of next-generation drugs for treating metabolic syndrome and degenerative diseases.
Continuous measurement-based holonomic quantum computation provides a route to universal logical computation in quantum error correcting codes. We introduce a fault-tolerant framework for implementing measurement-based holonomic gates that leverages continuous measurements with real-time feedback. We show that non-Markovian decoherence is intrinsically suppressed through the quantum Zeno effect, while Markovian errors are identified by the decoding of measurement records to reveal the rotated syndrome subspace populated during the evolution. This information enables steering holonomic paths mid-flight to ensure that the final evolution realizes the target logical gate. We further demonstrate that non-adiabatic effects give rise to measurement-induced errors, and we show that these can also be corrected by an analogous protocol. This approach relaxes the stringent adiabaticity requirement and enables faster implementation of holonomic gates.