Standard Quantum Mechanics describes Tunneling as a probabilistic phenomenon where a particlepenetrates a potential barrier exceeding its kinetic energy, effectively “borrowing” energy toteleport across the gap. Hydrodynamic Quantum Cosmology (HQC) rejects this acausal interpretation.We propose a mechanical model based on Evanescent Flow. By defining the particle as arotating helical vortex and the barrier as a region of high viscosity, we demonstrate that tunnelingis the transmission of shear stress through the medium. The “tunneled” particle is not a ghost;it is the reconstruction of the vortex on the distal side via the propagation of an exponentiallydecaying (evanescent) twist wave.
Standard Quantum Mechanics describes Tunneling as a probabilistic phenomenon where a particlepenetrates a potential barrier exceeding its kinetic energy, effectively “borrowing” energy toteleport across the gap. Hydrodynamic Quantum Cosmology (HQC) rejects this acausal interpretation.We propose a mechanical model based on Evanescent Flow. By defining the particle as arotating helical vortex and the barrier as a region of high viscosity, we demonstrate that tunnelingis the transmission of shear stress through the medium. The “tunneled” particle is not a ghost;it is the reconstruction of the vortex on the distal side via the propagation of an exponentiallydecaying (evanescent) twist wave.
At the turn of the twentieth century, the establishment of quantum theory propelled rapid advancements, particularly in the understanding of quantum tunnelling—a fundamental phenomenon in quantum mechanics crucial for various physical processes. The quantum phenomenon of particle passes through potential barriers is of great importance. In classical physics, when the energy of a particle is less than the height of a double barrier structure, it is impossible for it to pass through. However, quantum mechanics allows a particle to penetrate the barrier and emerge on the other side. This paper explores the quantum tunnelling effect, focusing on the single potential barrier model in one dimension and subsequently extending to the double potential barrier model. The Schrödinger equation provides the foundational framework for elucidating the motion of microscopic particles, emphasizing wave-particle duality inherent in quantum mechanics. The analysis of the single potential barrier model involves solving the Schrödinger equation in different regions, determining wave functions and coefficients through boundary conditions. The transmission coefficient is derived, representing the probability of a particle passing through a barrier. In the case of a “thick” barrier, an approximate form for transmission coefficient is provided, demonstrating the exponential decrease in transmission probability with increasing barrier thickness.
Quantum tunnelling, a hallmark phenomenon of quantum mechanics, allows particles to pass through the classically forbidden region. It underpins fundamental processes ranging from nuclear fusion and photosynthesis to the operation of superconducting qubits. Yet the underlying dynamics of particle motion during tunnelling remain subtle and are still the subject of active debate. Here, by analyzing the temporal evolution of the tunnelling process, we show that the particle velocity inside the barrier continuously relaxes from a large initial value toward a smaller one, and may even approach zero in the evanescent regime. Meanwhile, the probability density within the barrier gradually builds up before reaching its stationary profile, in contrast to existing inherently. In addition, starting from the steady-state equations, we derive an explicit relation between the particle velocity and the barrier width, and show that the velocity in evanescent states approaches zero when the barrier is sufficiently wide. These findings resolve the apparent paradox of a vanishing steady-state velocity coexisting with a finite particle density. We point out that defining an effective speed from the probability density, rather than from the probability current, can lead to spuriously nonzero "stationary speed," as appears to be the case in Ref. [Nature 643, 67 (2025)]. Our work establishes a clear dynamical picture for the formation of tunnelling flow and provides a theoretical foundation for testing time-resolved tunnelling phenomena.
The tunnel effect, commonly defined as the phenomenon in which a microparticle overcomes a potential barrier that exceeds its total energy, is often cited in quantum mechanics. However, this effect does not actually occur in its described form in nature, and the quantum mechanical interpretation of tunneling does not accurately represent the real physical processes involved, but rather provides a mathematical model. The true physical mechanism of the tunnel effect remains unidentified. An analysis of the tunnel effect reveals that its manifestation creates a “paradox” in classical physics. Explanations based on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the wave nature of particles fail to offer a comprehensive understanding of the actual physical process.This study proposes a new explanation of the tunneling phenomenon based on the principles of classical physics and electrodynamics. It is shown that the overcoming of the Coulomb barrier by low-energy microparticles occurs exclusively due to brief localized decreases in potential within the Coulomb barrier, allowing certain charged microparticles to penetrate. The formation mechanism of these short-lived localized regions, which manifest as volume channels with lower potential within the Coulomb barrier, is examined.It is established that the creation of these channels is linked to the properties of atomic nuclear and their associated electric fields. This facilitates the supra barrier penetration of the Coulomb barrier by individual low-energy microparticles that pass through these channels while experiencing a reduction in their total energy. This explanation resolves the “paradox” of the tunneling effect, eliminating the contradiction with classical physics laws.Moreover, the derived estimates of the tunneling process parameters are in qualitative agreement with the results obtained from quantum-mechanical models. The proposed framework aligns with nuclear physics findings, is supported by experimental evidence, and provides a new mechanism for controlling the tunneling effect in various energy-related applications.
The tunneling of particles is in direct analogy with the transmission of evanescent electromagnetic waveguide modes as has been shown quite recently. We compare experimental data of an electromagnetic wave packet traversing an evanescent waveguide region with theoretical values derived for particle tunneling through a rectangular potential barrier. The transmission time was deduced by transformation of the experimental frequency data to the time domain. The data are in agreement and reveal superluminal wave-packet velocities for opaque evanescent regions.
Abstract Modern physics relies on the assumption that the quantum realm is fundamentally probabilistic, citing phenomena like superposition, tunneling, and entanglement as proof that reality is acausal. This monograph rejects this interpretation in favor of Kish Lattice Determinism. We propose that the universe is not a probabilistic cloud but a precise, high-tension machine governed by the 16/pi Vacuum Substrate. This paper unifies three major quantum paradoxes under a single mechanical constraint: Key Findings: The Pilot Wave (Double Slit): We resolve the "Superposition" paradox via Vacuum Hydrodynamics. The particle is modeled as a "Boat" and the vacuum perturbation as a "Wake." We demonstrate that the particle travels through a single slit while its wake travels through both, creating the interference pattern the particle subsequently surfs. The Observer Effect as Friction: We define observation not as "collapse," but as Lattice Damping. Measurement requires energy input (impact), which stiffens the local vacuum grid, destroying the pilot wave and forcing the particle into ballistic (straight-line) travel.Resonant Permeability (Tunneling): We resolve "Quantum Tunneling" via Resonance. Using the "Spinning Fan" analogy, we prove that particles do not magically pass through barriers; they Phase Lock to the oscillation frequency of the barrier's lattice gaps (16/pi).Geometric Tension (Entanglement): We resolve "Spooky Action at a Distance" via Structural Tension. Entangled particles are connected by a rigid geometric stress line (The Seesaw). Changes in one particle are reflected in the other instantly, not due to faster-than-light signaling, but due to Static Equilibrium. We conclude that "God does not play dice"; the dice are simply loaded by the geometry of space.
The process of dynamical tunneling between local mode states is analyzed within the Bohmian approach to quantum mechanics. A number of quantum trajectories are followed for both a coupled Morse potential and the Barbanis potential. The superposition of nearly degenerate eigenstates leads to the formation of numerous permanent nodes concentrated near the potential valley. Around these nodes, vortices are evident on the flux map. Quantum trajectories can be attracted by a vortex and their velocity and kinetic energy will be significantly changed as they spiral around the vortex. However, trajectories starting remotely from vortices reflect more realistically the transition between a pair of localized states. These quantum trajectories can go through one or more regions where the potential energy is higher than the total energy. Hence, barrier tunneling accompanies dynamical tunneling.