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Frontiers in Optics

Dielectric Metasurface for Broadband Excitonic State Control in GaAs Quantum Dots

Sanghyeok Park, Kusal M. Abeywickrama, Jaeyeon Yu, Hyunseung Jung, Emma J. Renteria, Sadhvikas Addamane, Oleg Mitrofanov, Alisa Javadi, Igal Brener, Prasad P. Iyer

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate a dielectric metasurface platform that enables broadband enhancement and control of all exciton complexes in a single GaAs quantum dot, facilitating anti-bunched and super-bunched light emission for scalable quantum photonics.
DOI
10.1364/ls.2025.lm5f.3

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Semiconductor quantum dots host a rich manifold of excitonic complexes, including neutral excitons that emit anti-bunched single photons and charged exciton complexes capable of producing super-bunched photons via cascade emission. Accessing both emission regimes from a single emitter would open routes to novel quantum protocols, including advanced quantum imaging. In practice, however, emission from charged exciton complexes is intrinsically weak, often orders of magnitude dimmer than neutral excitons, placing simultaneous dual-mode operation out of reach. Here, we overcome this limitation by embedding the quantum dot in a dielectric Mie-resonant metasurface that provides order-of-magnitude photoluminescence enhancement across both neutral and charged exciton transitions of a single GaAs quantum dot. Under identical non-resonant pumping conditions, the emission from the neutral exciton yields anti-bunched emission (g(2)(0)<0.5g^{(2)}(0) < 0.5g(2)(0)<0.5) and the emission from positively charged exciton complexes shows super-bunched emission (g(2)(0)>3.5g^{(2)}(0) > 3.5g(2)(0)>3.5) with comparable count rates (~12 kHz). Crucially, super-bunching emerges only when charged exciton emission spectrally overlaps with the Mie resonances and vanishes in un-patterned slabs, demonstrating that photonic engineering, is essential for accessing these weak quantum light states. These results demonstrate a scalable, position-tolerant platform for harnessing the full excitonic structure of solid-state emitters.
ABSTRACT The multi‐photon bunching effect, arising from intrinsic bosonic exchange symmetry in path interference, underpins numerous quantum information techniques. However, conventional bunching in real space faces challenges in tailoring complex structured light fields. Here, we leverage dielectric metasurfaces with polarization entanglement to generate conjugated structured photons and achieve active control over nonlocal spin bunching between two photons. In the prepared spin–orbit hybrid entangled state, projective spin measurement on the idler photon nonlocally heralds the creation of a conjugated structured photon in the signal arm, residing on a higher‐order Poincaré sphere. By adjusting the relative phase to alter entanglement properties, continuous control can be achieved from spin bunching to anti‐bunching. Exploiting this phase sensitivity enables reconstruction of the conjugated photon's complex amplitude. This work establishes spin bunching as a paradigm for quantum correlation control and demonstrates metasurfaces as a compact, multifunctional platform for structured photonic quantum state engineering and metrology.
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