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Digital Signal Processing

Enhancing secrecy performance in multi-user multi-antenna systems using rate-splitting multiple access

Su Nguyen Quoc, Phan Van Tri, Bá Cao Nguyễn, Bùi Vũ Minh, Nguyen Huu Khanh Nhan

Published Jan 21, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.dsp.2026.105943

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Rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) is a technique that is widely used in next-generation wireless systems to efficiently manage multiple users. RSMA splits the transmission into two parts using rate splitting, which increases spectral efficiency. However, this technique also makes a portion of the transmission vulnerable to eavesdropping, which can compromise information security. This vulnerability is not limited to external eavesdroppers but also includes internal eavesdropping among users who share the same transmission. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop secure RSMA systems to address these critical security issues among untrusted users. This paper focuses on a single-antenna RSMA downlink system with multiple untrusted users undergoing Rician channel fading. In this novel system framework considered for performance analysis, each user interprets its own common and private streams while attempting to eavesdrop on the private streams of other users. We evaluate the system-level performance in practical settings involving line-of-sight (LoS) paths using the Rician channel model and derive a tight closed-form approximate expression of the ergodic secrecy rate. Finally, we conduct numerical simulations to validate the theoretical analysis and provide valuable insights into the critical system parameters that impact the achievable ergodic secrecy performance of the RSMA system with untrusted users.
In this paper, we employ Cooperative Rate-Splitting (CRS) technique to enhance the Secrecy Sum Rate (SSR) for the Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) Broadcast Channel (BC), consisting of two legitimate users and one eavesdropper, with perfect Channel State Information (CSI) available at all nodes. For CRS based on the three-node relay channel, the transmitter splits and encodes the messages of legitimate users into common and private streams based on Rate-Splitting (RS). With the goal of maximizing SSR, the proposed CRS strategy opportunistically asks the relaying legitimate user to forward its decoded common message. During the transmission, the eavesdropper keeps wiretapping silently. To ensure secure transmission, the common message is used for the dual purpose, serving both as a desired message and Artificial Noise (AN) without consuming extra transmit power comparing to the conventional AN design. Taking into account the total power constraint and the Physical Layer (PHY) security, the precoders and timeslot allocation are jointly optimized by solving the nonconvex SSR maximization problem based on Sequential Convex Approximation (SCA) algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed CRS secure transmission scheme outperforms existing Multi-User Linear Precoding (MU-LP) and Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (C-NOMA) strategies. Therefore, CRS is a promising strategy to enhance the PHY security in Multi-antenna BC systems.
In this letter, we investigate the physical layer security of rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) scheme in the presence of randomly located non-colluding eavesdroppers. In this complicated case, the number, location, and channel state information (CSI) of eavesdroppers are unknown, posing a significant threat to the system. Moreover, we elaborate on practical scenarios where a multi-antenna base station serves multiple users under partial CSI at the transmitter (CSIT). Analytical expressions for the statistics of signal-to-interference plus noise ratios at both legitimate users and eavesdroppers are derived. Furthermore, we extract approximate theoretical expressions and the lower bound under worst-case eavesdroppers placement for the ergodic secrecy sum rate. Numerical results corroborate the accuracy of our derived analytical results, and indicate that our proposed RSMA scheme exhibits superior secrecy performance when dealing with randomly distributed eavesdroppers and partial CSIT, compared to other conventional multiple access schemes.