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Teletransporte quântico incondicional de estados de variáveis contínuas de cores distintas: do infravermelho próximo às bandas de telecomunicações

Felipe Lucas Gewers

Published Jun 26, 2025• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum teleportation is the basis for numerous quantum applications, with the continuous-variable (CV) protocol having the significant advantage of being unconditional and deterministic, allowing every input state to be teleported. In the context of quantum networks, quantum channels connecting different wavelengths can be used in quantum hybrid technologies, linking different quantum platforms with distinct purposes that interact with light at specific wavelengths. Our approach to building these continuous-variable quantum channels is through quantum teleportation between quadratures of fields at widely different frequencies. To achieve this, we employ a triply resonant optical parametric oscillator (TROPO) operating above threshold as a source of two-mode entangled states. Pumped by a 532 nm Nd:YAG second harmonic laser, the system generates intense beams at 794.4(4) nm (377 THz; near-infrared compatible with the rubidium D1 line) and 1611(3) nm (186 THz; telecommunication L-band), with a frequency separation of 191 THz, which is over one octave. Using the resonator-assisted auto-homodyne technique, we implement the teleportation protocol to transfer a displaced coherent state from the infrared to the telecommunication band. In this work, we report the first demonstration of multi-color continuous-variable (CV) quantum teleportation bridging distinct frequency bands. This also marks the first implementation of teleportation between the sideband modes of intense beams that surpasses the classical fidelity limit. Additionally, we provide the first full characterization of the individual sideband modes in widely separated signal and idler fields generated by an above-threshold optical parametric oscillator. This demonstration paves the way for the development of hybrid quantum systems with enhanced connectivity.

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Quantum teleportation is the basis for numerous quantum applications, with the continuous-variable (CV) protocol having the significant advantage of being unconditional and deterministic, allowing every input state to be teleported. In the context of quantum networks, quantum channels connecting different wavelengths can be used in quantum hybrid technologies, linking different quantum platforms with distinct purposes that interact with light at specific wavelengths. Our approach to building these continuous-variable quantum channels is through quantum teleportation between quadratures of fields at widely different frequencies. To achieve this, we employ a triply resonant optical parametric oscillator (TROPO) operating above threshold as a source of two-mode entangled states. Pumped by a 532 nm Nd:YAG second harmonic laser, the system generates intense beams at 794.4(4) nm (377 THz; near-infrared compatible with the rubidium D1 line) and 1611(3) nm (186 THz; telecommunication L-band), with a frequency separation of 191 THz, which is over one octave. Using the resonator-assisted auto-homodyne technique, we implement the teleportation protocol to transfer a displaced coherent state from the infrared to the telecommunication band. In this work, we report the first demonstration of multi-color continuous-variable (CV) quantum teleportation bridging distinct frequency bands. This also marks the first implementation of teleportation between the sideband modes of intense beams that surpasses the classical fidelity limit. Additionally, we provide the first full characterization of the individual sideband modes in widely separated signal and idler fields generated by an above-threshold optical parametric oscillator. This demonstration paves the way for the development of hybrid quantum systems with enhanced connectivity.
Two-mode analysis of teleportation of quantum states of light in the frequency domainTransmission of quantum information from one end to another with high fidelity is not a trivial problem.Teleportation presents itself as promising in this regard, by using two communication channels: a classical one -an usual classical communication system -, and a quantum one -built by sharing entangled sources between the involved parties.The first realizations of this procedure worked on a fraction of the performed trials [1, 2], a problem that was solved one year later with a truly unconditional teleportation protocol [3].Since then, better results and different experimental schemes have been developed.The present work encodes information in the frequency modes of light beams, with entanglement between two parties being generated by an above-threshold Optical Parametric Oscillator [4,5,6].The theory for characterizing more general frequency mode states is developed here and presented with experimental results.For the present losses in the system, it is expected a fidelity no better than 42% on the comparison between input and output states without the use of quantum resources.The best measured case with the use of entangled beams resulted in 40% fidelity, close to the threshold of the need for quantum resources but without overcoming it.
We developed a system capable of generating bipartite entanglement, and with promising results towards the generation of tripartite entangled states of light, using an Optical Parametric Oscillator. The generated fields are resonant with the Rubidium D2 transition line at 780 nm for the reflected pump, and with the C-band of telecommunications channels at 1560 nm for signal and idler. We verified that phonon noise in the crystal was responsible for introducing phase noise and that lowering the temperature of the system would reduce the noise, improving the prospects of obtaining tripartite entanglement. In a separate experiment, we built an optical pumping system in which, along with a magnetic shield and magnetic fields generated by coils, we were able to prepare and characterize an atomic polarization state with an orientation p=0.9 and a polarization noise of 2.6 dB above the shot noise limit at a central frequency of 23.5 kHz and a linewidth of 70 Hz. These two systems were built as the first steps towards the implementation of a teleportation protocol between atoms and light resonant at different wavelengths, setting the foundations for the implementation a quantum network.
Using entangled pairs of photons from a frequency comb and wide-band frequency-resolved homodyne detection, we propose a sequential quantum teleportation protocol for continuous variables that teleports an unknown state in space and frequency. A subthreshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) produces a comb of entangled pairs of photons separated by the free spectral range of the OPO cavity. Wide-band frequency-resolved homodyne detection enables direct access to the sum and difference of quadratures between different teeth in the comb. Such measurements are Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen nullifiers, and can be used as the basis for teleportation protocols. Our protocol for space-and-frequency teleportation effectively links arbitrary frequency channels for frequency-division multiplexing, which has applications in universal quantum computation and large-capacity quantum communication.
We have studied the entanglement for continuous variables of the electromagnetic field, focusing on the quadratures of given modes of the field.We demonstrate the direct production of intense (mW range), entangled fields of different colors (covering more than one octave) using an Optical Parametric Oscillator in above threshold operation.We demonstrate bipartite entanglement between signal and idler modes, and tripartite entanglement of these with the pump field for a triply resonant OPO cavity.We have also shown that the detrimental interaction with the environment can lead an initially entangled system into a separable state for finite interaction times, even for continuous variables.This effect is reminiscent of the sudden death of entanglement observed for discrete variables.Finally, we present the possible uses of this entanglement in quantum information processing, with the immediate application of the multicolor entanglement in teleportation over the electromagnetic spectra.vi