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Nature Reviews Physics

Opportunities and challenges of quantum batteries

Dario Ferraro, Fabio Cavaliere, Marco G. Genoni, Giuliano Benenti, Maura Sassetti

Published Jan 9, 2026• 38 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1038/s42254-025-00906-5

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The rate at which matter emits or absorbs light can be modified by its environment, as markedly exemplified by the widely studied phenomenon of superradiance. The reverse process, superabsorption, is harder to demonstrate because of the challenges of probing ultrafast processes and has only been seen for small numbers of atoms. Its central idea—superextensive scaling of absorption, meaning larger systems absorb faster—is also the key idea underpinning quantum batteries. Here, we implement experimentally a paradigmatic model of a quantum battery, constructed of a microcavity enclosing a molecular dye. Ultrafast optical spectroscopy allows us to observe charging dynamics at femtosecond resolution to demonstrate superextensive charging rates and storage capacity, in agreement with our theoretical modeling. We find that decoherence plays an important role in stabilizing energy storage. Our work opens future opportunities for harnessing collective effects in light-matter coupling for nanoscale energy capture, storage, and transport technologies.
We propose a quantum battery realized with a few interacting particles in a three-well system with different on-site energies, which could be realized with ultracold-atom platforms. We prepare the initial state in the lowest-energy well and charge the battery using a spatial-adiabatic-passage--based protocol, enabling the population of a higher-energy well. We examine the charging under varying interaction strengths and reveal that the consideration of collective charging results in an intriguing oscillatory behavior of the final charge for finite interactions, through diabatic evolution. Our findings provide an opportunity for building stable and controllable quantum batteries.