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arXiv:2406.07397 · Physical Review A

Stable collective charging of ultracold-atom quantum batteries

Abel Rojo-Francàs, Felipe Isaule, Alan C. Santos, Bruno Juliá-Díaz, Nikolaj Thomas Zinner

Published Sep 6, 2024• 17 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a quantum battery realized with a few interacting particles in a three-well system with different on-site energies, which could be realized with ultracold-atom platforms. We prepare the initial state in the lowest-energy well and charge the battery using a spatial-adiabatic-passage--based protocol, enabling the population of a higher-energy well. We examine the charging under varying interaction strengths and reveal that the consideration of collective charging results in an intriguing oscillatory behavior of the final charge for finite interactions, through diabatic evolution. Our findings provide an opportunity for building stable and controllable quantum batteries.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.032205

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We propose a quantum battery realized with a few interacting particles in a three-well system with different on-site energies, which could be realized with ultracold-atom platforms. We prepare the initial state in the lowest-energy well and charge the battery using a spatial-adiabatic-passage--based protocol, enabling the population of a higher-energy well. We examine the charging under varying interaction strengths and reveal that the consideration of collective charging results in an intriguing oscillatory behavior of the final charge for finite interactions, through diabatic evolution. Our findings provide an opportunity for building stable and controllable quantum batteries.
We design a quantum battery made up of bosons or fermions in an ultracold-atom setup, described by Fermi-Hubbard and Bose-Hubbard models, respectively. We compare the performance of bosons and fermions to determine which can function as a quantum battery more effectively given a particular on-site interaction and initial state temperature. The performance of a quantum battery is quantified by the maximum energy stored per unit time over the evolution under an on-site charging Hamiltonian. We report that when the initial battery state is in the ground state, fermions outperform bosons in a certain configuration over a large range of on-site interactions which are shown analytically for a smaller number of lattice sites and numerically for a considerable number of sites. Bosons take the lead when the temperature is comparatively high in the initial state for a longer range of on-site interaction. We study a number of up and down fermions as well as the number of bosons per site to find the optimal filling factor for maximizing the average power of the battery. We also introduce disorder in both on-site and hopping parameters and demonstrate that the maximum average power is robust against impurities. Moreover, we identify a range of tuning parameters in the fermionic and bosonic systems where the disorder-enhanced power is observed.
We design a quantum battery made up of bosons or fermions in an ultracold-atom setup, described by Fermi-Hubbard and Bose-Hubbard models, respectively. We compare the performance of bosons and fermions to determine which can function as a quantum battery more effectively given a particular on-site interaction and initial state temperature. The performance of a quantum battery is quantified by the maximum energy stored per unit time over the evolution under an on-site charging Hamiltonian. We report that when the initial battery state is in the ground state, fermions outperform bosons in a certain configuration over a large range of on-site interactions which are shown analytically for a smaller number of lattice sites and numerically for a considerable number of sites. Bosons take the lead when the temperature is comparatively high in the initial state for a longer range of on-site interaction. We study a number of up and down fermions as well as the number of bosons per site to find the optimal filling factor for maximizing the average power of the battery. We also introduce disorder in both on-site and hopping parameters and demonstrate that the maximum average power is robust against impurities. Moreover, we identify a range of tuning parameters in the fermionic and bosonic systems where the disorder-enhanced power is observed.
Quantum battery is an emerging subject in the field of quantum thermodynamics, which is applied to charge, store and dispatch energy in quantum systems. In this work, we propose a fast and stable charging protocol based on the adiabatic evolution for the dark state of a three-level quantum battery. It combines the conventional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) and the quantum transitionless driving technique. The charging process can be accelerated up to nearly one order in magnitude even under constraint of the strength of counter-diabatic driving. To perform the charging protocol in the Rydberg atomic system as a typical platform for STIRAP, the prerequisite driving pulses are modified to avoid the constraint of the forbidden transition. Moreover, our protocol is found to be more robust against the environmental dissipation and dephasing than the conventional STIRAP.
With the advent of quantum technologies comes the requirement of building quantum components able to store energy to be used whenever necessary, i.e., quantum batteries. In this paper we exploit an adiabatic protocol to ensure a stable charged state of a three-level quantum battery which allows one to avoid the spontaneous discharging regime. We study the effects of the most relevant sources of noise on the charging process, and, as an experimental proposal, we discuss superconducting transmon qubits. In addition we study the self-discharging of our quantum battery where it is shown that spectrum engineering can be used to delay such phenomena.
The collective charge of NNN two-level atoms interacting in an open system is investigated. In contrast to a no atomic dissipation quantum battery, the battery remains at a steady state after reaching the moment of full charge. Considering the interactions between atoms, we find that the energy storage of quantum batteries will be significantly enhanced with the increase of atomic repulsion, and the attraction between atoms will exacerbate the dissipation of batteries in the environment. We extend this conclusion to two-level batteries in the drive field and three-level atom quantum batteries. In addition, we also investigate the dissipative charging process of multiatom quantum batteries and find that the number of atoms during the charging process can to some extent affect the energy conversion efficiency during the charging process. Under extreme conditions, the inverse temperature $\ensuremath{\beta}$ can disrupt the energy storage of the battery.
We study the charging performance of a one-dimensional many-body bosonic quantum battery coupled to a harmonic-oscillator charger. In the weak-coupling regime, we show that the battery--charger dynamics can be accurately described by an effective two-level model, which predicts the resonance condition, optimal charging time, stored work, ergotropy, and charging power. We demonstrate that tuning the charger frequency to the interaction-shifted resonance enables complete energy transfer and maximum extractable work. A many-body charging advantage is observed: increasing the particle number reduces the quantum speed-limit time and enhances the charging power with a characteristic NB\sqrt{N_B}NB​​ scaling. We further introduce a decomposition of the switching cost into resonance-shifting and excitation contributions, allowing us to quantify the energetic overhead associated with the charging process. Owing to the small charging cost relative to the available charger energy, stronger battery--charger couplings can be employed to significantly boost the charging power while maintaining a low excitation cost. Our results highlight the role of resonance engineering and many-body effects in designing fast and efficient quantum batteries, and provide a promising route toward their realization in ultracold-atom platforms.