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Physical Review A

Quantum battery with interactive atomic collective charging

Dayang Zhang, Shuangquan Ma, Yunxiu Jiang, Youbin Yu, Guangri Jin, Aixi Chen

Published Sep 12, 2024• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The collective charge of $N$ two-level atoms interacting in an open system is investigated. In contrast to a no atomic dissipation quantum battery, the battery remains at a steady state after reaching the moment of full charge. Considering the interactions between atoms, we find that the energy storage of quantum batteries will be significantly enhanced with the increase of atomic repulsion, and the attraction between atoms will exacerbate the dissipation of batteries in the environment. We extend this conclusion to two-level batteries in the drive field and three-level atom quantum batteries. In addition, we also investigate the dissipative charging process of multiatom quantum batteries and find that the number of atoms during the charging process can to some extent affect the energy conversion efficiency during the charging process. Under extreme conditions, the inverse temperature $\ensuremath{\beta}$ can disrupt the energy storage of the battery.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.032211

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The collective charge of NNN two-level atoms interacting in an open system is investigated. In contrast to a no atomic dissipation quantum battery, the battery remains at a steady state after reaching the moment of full charge. Considering the interactions between atoms, we find that the energy storage of quantum batteries will be significantly enhanced with the increase of atomic repulsion, and the attraction between atoms will exacerbate the dissipation of batteries in the environment. We extend this conclusion to two-level batteries in the drive field and three-level atom quantum batteries. In addition, we also investigate the dissipative charging process of multiatom quantum batteries and find that the number of atoms during the charging process can to some extent affect the energy conversion efficiency during the charging process. Under extreme conditions, the inverse temperature \ensuremathβ\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremathβ can disrupt the energy storage of the battery.
ABSTRACT We investigate a quantum battery within an open quantum system, in which a harmonic oscillator acts as the charger and two‐level atoms serve as battery cells. This model accounts for the dissipative effects arising from the coupling between both the charger and battery cells with the environment. By analyzing the time evolution of the battery energy, charging power, ergotropy, and logarithmic negativity, we systematically examine the influence of the number of battery cells and environmental dissipation on battery performance. Our results show that increasing significantly enhances the charging power, exhibiting a collective enhancement effect. Both the atomic number and environmental dissipation strongly affect the ergotropy per atom, but their influences are distinct.
Abstract The interaction of a three-level atom with the electromagnetic field of a quantum cavity in the presence of a laser field presents a rich behavior in the dispersive regime that we exploit to discuss two quantum batteries. In the first setup, we consider a single three-level atom interacting sequentially with many cavities, each in a thermal state. We show that under this process, the atom converges towards an equilibrium state that displays population inversion. In the second setup, a stream of atoms in a thermal state interacts sequentially with a single cavity initially in a thermal state at the same temperature as the atoms. We show that the cavity’s energy increases continuously as the stream of atoms continues to cross, and the cavity does not reach an equilibrium state. After many atoms have traveled, the cavity’s state becomes active, storing extractable energy that increases in proportion to the work done by the laser. However, the same dynamics may involve only two cavity levels in an interesting limit called the highly selective regime. In that regime, the cavity reaches an equilibrium state similar to the one of the atom in the first scenario. The charging process we propose is robust. We discuss its thermodynamics and evaluate the energy supplied by the laser, the energy stored in the battery, and, thus, the device’s efficiency. We also analyze the role of damping.
The charging of an open quantum battery is investigated where the charger and the quantum battery interact with a common environment. At zero temperature, the stored energy of the battery is optimal as the charger and the quantum battery share the same coupling strength (g_{C}=g_{B}). By contrast, in the presence of the quantum jump-based feedback control, the energy stored in the battery can be greatly enhanced for different couplings (g_{C}>g_{B}). Considering the feasibility of the experiment, a model of Rydberg quantum battery is proposed with cascade-type atoms interacting with a dissipative optical cavity. The effective coupling strength between the charger (quantum battery) and the cavity field is hence adjustable and one can make the battery close to perfect excitation. The adverse factors of charging quantum batteries such as time delay for feedback, finite temperature, and spontaneous emission of Rydberg atoms are also discussed, and the result shows that the quantum battery is still able to retain a satisfactory energy storage effect.
To take quantum advantage of collective effects in many-body system, we design an elementary block for building a quantum battery with the optimal number of atoms in a common thermal bath, which is charged collectively by a harmonic driving. Free energy is a novel tool to quantify usable energy in an open system, which includes non-preserved entropy impacts on the stored energy besides the internal energy. The interesting finding is that the free energy variation in the steady state increases non-monotonically, and reaches the maximal value at the optimal number of atoms. It ascribes to the decreasing of the internal energy and the entropy per atom with the increasing of the atoms. In particular, the elementary block with the optimal number of atoms can relax to the optimal steady state with the weak damping of the internal energy due to the strong collective driving. By comparing to each atom parallel charging independently, the optimal battery cell produces lower heat flow to the thermal bath induced by the entropy, which can not be neglected in the dissipative system. The existence of the optimal battery cell provide a guideline for designing a realizable charging scheme.
Quantum batteries have emerged as promising platforms for exploring energy storage and transfer processes governed by quantum mechanical laws. In this work, we study three models of two-qubit open quantum systems. The first model comprises two central spins immersed in spin baths, and both central spins are collectively considered as quantum batteries. The impact of inter-qubit interactions on the performance of the quantum battery is investigated. In the second model, a two-qubit model interacting with a squeezed thermal bath serves as a collective quantum battery, where the impact of inter-atomic distance and the bath temperature on the battery's performance is explored. Furthermore, a two-qubit model is used, where one qubit is modeled as a battery and the other as a charger. The charger in this model interacts with an anisotropic spin-chain bath, which is conducive to quantum criticality. It is demonstrated that this criticality has a substantial impact on the quantum battery's storage capacity.
A quantum battery consisting of an ensemble two-level atom is investigated. The battery is charged simultaneously by a harmonic field and an electrostatic field. The results show that the hybrid charging is superior to the previous case of only harmonic field charging in terms of battery capacity and charging power, regardless of whether the interaction between atoms is considered or not. In addition, the repulsive interaction between atoms will increase the battery capacity and charging power, while the attractive interaction between atoms will reduce the battery capacity and discharge power.