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International Journal of Quantum Information

Comparative behavior of quantum coherence measures in noisy channels: From static bounds to ranking reversals

Sajjad Saei

Published Jan 10, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we study single-qubit coherence with the central question: when and why do different measures disagree enough to reverse channel orderings? First, we compile closed-form expressions and analyze behavior on pure and mixed states across widely used quantifiers. Next, we compare noisy evolutions using two resource-theoretic measures the [Formula: see text] norm [Formula: see text] and the relative entropy of coherence [Formula: see text] — on a common basis, enabling unbiased cross-model comparison via an iso-measure protocol (fix one measure, read off the other). Finally, we delineate conditions for ranking reversal: we establish a no-reversal regime for basis-consistent unital, phase-covariant evolutions on equatorial inputs and identify mechanisms that permit reversals nonunital population bias and axis mixing that couples transverse and longitudinal components. The framework yields actionable, side-by-side rankings and clarifies when conclusions depend on the chosen quantifier.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749926400010

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In this paper, we study single-qubit coherence with the central question: when and why do different measures disagree enough to reverse channel orderings? First, we compile closed-form expressions and analyze behavior on pure and mixed states across widely used quantifiers. Next, we compare noisy evolutions using two resource-theoretic measures the [Formula: see text] norm [Formula: see text] and the relative entropy of coherence [Formula: see text] — on a common basis, enabling unbiased cross-model comparison via an iso-measure protocol (fix one measure, read off the other). Finally, we delineate conditions for ranking reversal: we establish a no-reversal regime for basis-consistent unital, phase-covariant evolutions on equatorial inputs and identify mechanisms that permit reversals nonunital population bias and axis mixing that couples transverse and longitudinal components. The framework yields actionable, side-by-side rankings and clarifies when conclusions depend on the chosen quantifier.
Various measures have been suggested recently for quantifying the coherence of a quantum state with respect to a given basis. We first use two of these, the l1{l}_{1}l1​-norm and relative entropy measures, to investigate tradeoffs between the coherences of mutually unbiased bases. Results include relations between coherence, uncertainty, and purity; tight general bounds restricting the coherences of mutually unbiased bases; and an exact complementarity relation for qubit coherences. We further define the average coherence of a quantum state. For the l1{l}_{1}l1​-norm measure this is related to a natural ``coherence radius'' for the state and leads to a conjecture for an l2{l}_{2}l2​-norm measure of coherence. For relative entropy the average coherence is determined by the difference between the von Neumann entropy and the quantum subentropy of the state and leads to upper bounds for the latter quantity. Finally, we point out that the relative entropy of coherence is a special case of G-asymmetry, which immediately yields several operational interpretations in contexts as diverse as frame alignment, quantum communication, and metrology, and suggests generalizing the property of quantum coherence to arbitrary groups of physical transformations.
We propose a novel approach to quantify quantum coherence which, contrary to the previous ones, does not rely on resource theory but rather on ontological considerations. In this framework, coherence is understood as the ability of a quantum system’s statistics to deviate from the total probability formula. After motivating the importance of the total probability formula in quantum foundations, we propose a new set of axioms that a measure of coherence should satisfy, and show that it defines a class of measures different from the main previous proposal. Finally, we prove a general result about the dependence of the [Formula: see text]-coherence norm on the basis of interest, and show that it is well approximated by the square root of the purity in most bases.
Abstract For the well-known relative entropy of coherence (REC), a quantum state attains maximum coherence only in optimal bases, which are mutually unbiased bases to the eigenvectors of the given state. In this paper, we explore the conditions of obtaining the maximum of REC under noisy channels and explain the geometric significance of optimal basis form the viewpoint of the Bloch sphere. We also show that the eigenvectors of the state will remain constant throughout the whole process of evolution, as long as the effects of channels induce a synchronous change for the components of the initial state Bloch vector. Furthermore, as a special example, we investigate the dynamics of the maximum REC for any finite dimensional single quantum system under a depolarizing (DP) channel, and obtain an analytical form of maximum coherence for a d -dimensional maximally coherent state. Meanwhile, a concise analytical expression of maximum coherence for two classes of an N -qubit system under the DP channel is also provided.
Quantification is one of the primary goals of quantum coherence resource theory. Here, we put forward two coherence measures, analytically prove their validity in the pure-state regime following the axiomatic definition of a legitimate pure-state coherence measure (PSCM), and provide their general normalized forms. We further discuss their extensions in the domain of mixed states with the assistance of the convex roof of coherence, and top coherence (quantification in terms of pure state coherence) and define their classes (coherence \emph{monotone} or \emph{measure}); in this regard, we thoroughly investigate the top coherence class. For the quantitative demonstration, we pick up different laser pulse-two-qubit interaction scenarios and compare the evolutions of these two coherence measures along with l1l_{1}l1​-norm of coherence and relative entropy of coherence; this study also signifies the importance of coherence in probing an atomic or molecular system.
A resource theory of quantum measurement can be addressed in terms of quantum coherence and measurement sharpness, respectively. The former analyzes the off-diagonal structure of POVM elements in a predetermined basis while the latter analyzes the deviation from trivial, state-independent, measurements. We establish a direct connection between the two resource theories by identifying measurement sharpness as the maximal coherence that is achievable under all possible unitary changes of the reference basis. For a broad class of POVMs whose elements share a common eigenbasis, we show that the maximal distance-based coherence of measurement coincides exactly with the corresponding distance-based sharpness monotone. We further extend this equivalence, with element-additive distances, to POVMs whose elements admit a common mutually unbiased basis structure. These results provide a measurement-theoretic analogue of the maximal-coherence \& purity correspondence for quantum states. We also show that the maximal coherence of measurement is faithful with respect to trivial measurements and is monotonic under fuzzifying operations for dichotomic measurements, as well as under mixed-unitary and unitarily covariant preprocessing channels. Finally, we illustrate the operational meaning and limitations of the equivalence through qubit POVMs, single-photon phase sensing, and noisy photon-number resolving detection. In particular, the maximal Fisher information in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is shown to be determined by the squared maximal coherence of the measurement, while in an imperfect photon-number resolving detector the maximal coherence behaves as a proper sharpness monotone, unlike conventional PVM-based unsharpness measures.
The entanglement evolution of two qubits under local, single-, and two-sided noisy channels is investigated. It is found that for all pure initial states, the entanglement under a one-sided noisy channel is completely determined by the maximal trace distance which is the main element to construct the measure of non-Markovianity. For the two-sided noisy channel case, when the qubits are initially prepared in a general class of states, either pure or mixed, the entanglement can be expressed as the product of the initial entanglement and the channels' action on the maximally entangled state.