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CRC Press eBooks

Finite su()-oscillator; applications to signal processing

Luis Edgar Vicent

Published Nov 30, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The one-dimensional finite oscillator model satisfies that under commutator brackets, all operators close into the (dynamical) Lie algebra su(2); therefore the eigenvalues of position, momentum and energy operators are discrete and the eigenvalue of a compact u(l) central operator fixes the dimension of the su(2) representation. In this work we review the one-dimensional finite oscillator model with u(2) as the dynamical algebra where the wave functions, which involve Kravchuk polynomials, are discrete functions of angular momentum theory.

DOI
10.1201/9781482269079-142

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The one-dimensional finite oscillator model satisfies that under commutator brackets, all operators close into the (dynamical) Lie algebra su(2); therefore the eigenvalues of position, momentum and energy operators are discrete and the eigenvalue of a compact u(l) central operator fixes the dimension of the su(2) representation. In this work we review the one-dimensional finite oscillator model with u(2) as the dynamical algebra where the wave functions, which involve Kravchuk polynomials, are discrete functions of angular momentum theory.
The finite q -oscillator is a model that obeys the dynamics of the harmonic oscillator, with the operators of position, momentum and Hamiltonian being functions of elements of the q -algebra su q (2). The spectrum of position in this discrete system, in a fixed representation j , consists of 2 j + 1 'sensor'-points , and similarly for the momentum observable. The spectrum of energies is finite and equally spaced, so the system supports coherent states. The wavefunctions involve dual q -Kravchuk polynomials, which are solutions to a finite-difference Schrödinger equation. Time evolution (times a phase) defines the fractional Fourier– q -Kravchuk transform. In the classical limit as q → 1 we recover the finite oscillator Lie algebra, the N = 2 j → ∞ limit returns the Macfarlane–Biedenharn q -oscillator and both limits contract the generators to the standard quantum-mechanical harmonic oscillator.
We define a new algebra, which can formally be considered as a CP deformed su(2) Lie algebra. Then, we present a one-dimensional quantum oscillator model, of which the wavefunctions of even and odd states are expressed by Krawtchouk polynomials with fixed p = 1/2, K 2 n ( k ; 1/2, 2 j ) and K 2 n ( k — 1; 1/2, 2 j — 2). The dynamical symmetry of the model is the newly introduced su(2) CP algebra. The model itself gives rise to a finite and discrete spectrum for all physical operators (such as position and momentum). Among the set of finite oscillator models it is unique in the sense that any specific limit reducing it to a known oscillator models does not exist.
The finite oscillator model of 2j + 1 points has the dynamical algebra u(2), consisting of position, momentum and mode number. It is a paradigm of finite quantum mechanics where a sequence of finite unitary models contract to the well-known continuum theory. We examine its contraction as the number and density of points increase. This is done on the level of the dynamical algebra, of the Schrödinger difference equation, the (Kravchuk) wave functions, and the Fourier–Kravchuk transformation between position and momentum representations.
A finite oscillator is a system that has a discrete and finite number of spatial positions and energy levels accessible. The su(2)-oscillator model takes the generators of the angular momentum su(2) algebra and, giving to each one a definite physical interpretation, provides a consistent mathematical description of a finite oscillator. This work searches an example of identification of generalized coherent states, within the collection of states and wavefunctions of the finite su(2) oscillator model.
A finite two-dimensional oscillator is built as the direct product of two finite one-dimensional oscillators, using the dynamical Lie algebra su(2)x⊕su(2)y. The position space in this model is a square grid of points. While the ordinary `continuous' two-dimensional quantum oscillator has a symmetry algebra u(2), the symmetry algebra of the finite model is only u(1)x⊕u(1)y, because it lacks rotations in the position (and momentum) plane. We show how to `import' an SO(2) group of rotations from the continuum model that transforms unitarily the finite wavefunctions on the fixed square grid. We thus propose a finite analogue for fractional U(2) Fourier transforms.
The study of irreducible representations of Lie algebras and groups has traditionally considered their action on functions of a continuous manifold (e.g. the 'rotation' Lie algebra so(3) on functions on the sphere). Here we argue that functions of a discrete variable -Kravchuk functions- are on equal footing for that study in the case of so (3). They lead to a discrete quantum model of the harmonic oscillator, and offer a corresponding set of special function relations. The technique is applicable to other special function families of a discrete variable, which stem from low-dimensional Lie algebras and are stationary solutions for the corresponding discrete quantum models.