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CRC Press eBooks

Deformation quantization of damped systems

D Chruściński

Published Nov 30, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Both classical and quantum damped systems give rise to complex spectra and corresponding resonant states. We investigate how resonant states, which do not belong to the Hilbert space, fit the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics. It turns out that one may construct out of a pair of resonant states an analog of a stationary Wigner function.

DOI
10.1201/9781482269079-98

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Both classical and quantum damped systems give rise to complex spectra and corresponding resonant states. We investigate how resonant states, which do not belong to the Hilbert space, fit the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics. It turns out that one may construct out of a pair of resonant states an analog of a stationary Wigner function.
Quantization of damped systems usually gives rise to complex spectra and corresponding resonant states, which do not belong to the Hilbert space. Therefore, the standard form of calculating Wigner function (WF) does not work for these systems. In this paper we show that in order to let WF satisfy a ∗-genvalue equation for the damped systems, one must modify its standard form slightly, and this modification exactly coincides with the results derived from a ∗-Exponential expansion in deformation quantization.
The paper develop the alternative formulation of quantum mechanics known as the phase space quantum mechanics or deformation quantization. It is shown that the quantization naturally arises as an appropriate deformation of the classical Hamiltonian mechanics. More precisely, the deformation of the point-wise product of observables to an appropriate noncommutative ⋆\star⋆-product and the deformation of the Poisson bracket to an appropriate Lie bracket is the key element in introducing the quantization of classical Hamiltonian systems. The considered class of deformations and the corresponding ⋆\star⋆-products contains as a special cases all deformations which can be found in the literature devoted to the subject of the phase space quantum mechanics. Fundamental properties of ⋆\star⋆-products of observables, associated with the considered deformations are presented as well. Moreover, a space of states containing all admissible states is introduced, where the admissible states are appropriate pseudo-probability distributions defined on the phase space. It is proved that the space of states is endowed with a structure of a Hilbert algebra with respect to the ⋆\star⋆-multiplication. The most important result of the paper shows that developed formalism is more fundamental then the axiomatic ordinary quantum mechanics which appears in the presented approach as the intrinsic element of the general formalism. The equivalence of two formulations of quantum mechanics is proved by observing that the Wigner-Moyal transform has all properties of the tensor product. This observation allows writing many previous results found in the literature in a transparent way, from which the equivalence of the two formulations of quantum mechanics follows naturally.
Classical mechanics is formulated in complex Hilbert space with the introduction of a commutative product of operators, an antisymmetric bracket and a quasidensity operator that is not positive definite. These are analogues of the star product, the Moyal bracket, and the Wigner function in the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is then viewed as a limiting form of classical mechanics, as Planck's constant approaches zero, rather than the other way around. The forms of semiquantum approximations to classical mechanics, analogous to semiclassical approximations to quantum mechanics, are indicated.