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Photonics Global Conference

Talbot Effect-Assisted Strain Sensing Based on Intensity Correlated Twin Beams in a Sandwich Fiber Structure

Dongxu Wang, Hailong Wang, Tenghui Mao, Cheng Peng, Chunliu ZHAO

Published Dec 5, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, a sandwich fiber structure based on the combination of Talbot effect and intensity correlated twin beams has been theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The twin beams are composed of signal and idler beams. In this sense, signal beam is acted as the sensing role to interact with this sandwich fiber structure, and idler beam is regard as a reference role to implement balanced differential measurement for eliminating classical common noise and beating standard quantum limit (SQL). Comparing with SQL, the present experimental results affirm that the maximum signal-to-noise ratio enhancement of 1.196 dB in the strain sensing (0 με to 2077.9 με).

DOI
10.1109/pgc68487.2025.11319463

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In this work, a sandwich fiber structure based on the combination of Talbot effect and intensity correlated twin beams has been theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The twin beams are composed of signal and idler beams. In this sense, signal beam is acted as the sensing role to interact with this sandwich fiber structure, and idler beam is regard as a reference role to implement balanced differential measurement for eliminating classical common noise and beating standard quantum limit (SQL). Comparing with SQL, the present experimental results affirm that the maximum signal-to-noise ratio enhancement of 1.196 dB in the strain sensing (0 με to 2077.9 με).
To overcome the precision limitation imposed by classical common noise and standard quantum limit (SQL) in traditional classical sensing, a single-multi-single-mode (SMS) fiber optic sensor based on the combination of self-imaging principle and two-mode squeezed light source is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The SMS sensor is constructed by fusing a multi-mode fiber in between two single-mode fiber segments. By utilizing an intensity-correlated twin beam source (signal and idler), the signal beam acts as the sensing probe interacting with the SMS sensor, while the idler beam serves as a reference to implement balanced differential measurement. The experimental results explicitly demonstrate a maximum signal-to-noise ratio enhancement of 1.196±0.012 dB and 1.194±0.019 dB for strain sensing (0 με to 2077.9 με) and temperature sensing (30°C to 110°C), respectively. These findings confirm the sensor's capability for real-time, high-precision sub-Poissonian measurements, particularly for practical applications in electromagnetic-immune and the requirements of simultaneous discrimination of temperature and strain.
We have experimentally proposed and implemented a fiber bending sensor with quantum-enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which stems from the combination of single-mode fiber (SMF) taper and intensity correlated pulse twin beams. One beam from pulse twin beams is coupled into the SMF taper to obtain a bending-induced loss, while the other beam is also attenuated correspondingly by a variable optical attenuator to ensure maximum noise cancellation. Along this line, intensity-difference noise power between pulse twin beams is always reduced below standard quantum limit (SQL), and thus a higher SNR value compared with the corresponding double-channel light source can be realized. In this work, the three different SMF tapers with the waist diameters of85.1 μm85.1~\mu \text{m}85.1 μm,74.9 μm74.9~\mu \text{m}74.9 μm, and67.3 μm67.3~\mu \text{m}67.3 μm, respectively have been prepared by a fusion splicer. The experimental results show that in the bending range of 0–20 m−1, the SMF taper with67.3 μm67.3~\mu \text{m}67.3 μmwaist diameter shows the highest sensitivity of 0.105 dB/m−1, the resolution of 0.095 m−1, and its SNR value is enhanced by a maximal factor of 2.84 dB compared with the corresponding classical counterpart. The present bending proposal may find potential applications in monitoring the bending deformation of building structure, roadbed settlement, medical and health, etc.
In this work, the combination of an all-fiber two-mode squeezed state light source and Sagnac interferometer for the experimental realization of a quantum-enhanced strain and curvature sensor is presented here. The former can offer intensity-correlated twin beams, whose intensity difference noise is beyond standard quantum limit. The latter can be prepared by splicing a polarization-maintaining fiber between two standard single-mode fibers. Using the intensity interrogation method tracing the intensity variation of the sensing signal beam, we can obtain the following quantum-enhanced experimental results. In the strain sensing, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is enhanced by a maximal factor of 1.54 dB compared with the corresponding classical strategy under balanced measurement condition. Under unbalanced measurement condition, SNR and the sensitivity are enhanced by the maximal factors of 1.39 dB and 0.026 dB/μϵ respectively compared with the corresponding classical counterpart. In the curvature sensing, balanced measurement condition can offer a maximal factor of 1.31 dB SNR enhancement, unbalanced measurement condition will bring the maximal factors of 1.36 dB and 3.31 dB/m−1respectively enhancement in SNR and sensitivity. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the combination of all-fiber non-classical light source and various fiber-based structures as the strain and curvature sensors for many applications that demands sub-poissonian precise measurements.
A quantum-enhanced fiber curvature sensor based on single-mode fiber (SMF) taper exploiting intensity-correlated pulse twin beams has been proposed and experimentally realized. The curvature can be measured by intensity difference noise power and degree of intensity difference squeezing which are tailored by the bending-induced loss of one beam’s SMF taper. In addition, the three different waist diameters of SMF tapers, i. e.,52.12 μm52.12~ \boldsymbol {\mu }\text{m}52.12 μm,61.68 μm61.68~ \boldsymbol {\mu }\text{m}61.68 μm, and 67.54μm\boldsymbol {\mu }\text{m}μmrespectively have been prepared using a fusion splicer. Finally, the maximum measured sensitivity enhancement of 4.42 dB/m−1and signal-to-noise ratio enhancement of 2.0 dB have been experimentally implemented through intensity difference measurement technique compared with the corresponding classical counterpart (double-channel light source). In contrast to other curvature sensors, this proposal has the advantages of high sensitivity, ease of fabrication, simple structure, and low cost.
Widely frequency-tunable quantum-correlated twin beams have been experimentally demonstrated. The noise of the intensity difference between the signal and idler beams of the twin beams is reduced to more than 3 dB below the shot noise limit (SNL) throughout a wavelength-tuning range of 5.6 nm. A continuously frequency-tuning range of 2.8 GHz appears around the center wavelength of 1041.506 nm, where the maximum noise reduction of about 5.3 dB is observed. The tunable twin beams are used in frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy of Cs 2 molecules and a spectrum with a sensitivity of about 4 dB beyond that of the SNL is obtained.
We report an experimental demonstration of quantum-enhanced displacement measurement of a membrane in an optical cavity by using bright quantum correlated light to surpass the shot-noise limit (SNL). The optical cavity enhances the displacement signal and the twin beams suppress the noise background 3 dB below the SNL at an equivalent optical power. Thus, the signal-to-noise ratio is significantly improved by simultaneously using optical cavities and twin beams, and a sensitivity of 200 am/Hz is achieved. The frequency fluctuations of twin beams are analyzed and reduced by using optical twin cavities. These results provide a useful method for precision measurements as well as to control cavity optomechanical systems with nonclassical light.