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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Approximation of composite quantum states: General results and applications

Максим Евгеньевич Широков

Published Dec 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A universal approximation technique for analysis of different characteristics of states of composite infinite-dimensional quantum systems is proposed and used to prove general results on the properties of correlation and entanglement measures in such systems. Then these results are applied to the study of three important characteristics: the relative entropy of π-entanglement, the Rains bound (the unregularized and regularized versions of both characteristics are considered) and the conditional entanglement of mutual information. In particular, we analyze continuity and convexity properties of the above entanglement measures, prove several results simplifying their definitions and establish a finite-dimensional approximation property for these characteristics that allows us to generalize to the infinite-dimensional case the results proved in the finite-dimensional settings.

DOI
10.1063/5.0264360

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A universal approximation technique for analysis of different characteristics of states of composite infinite-dimensional quantum systems is proposed and used to prove general results on the properties of correlation and entanglement measures in such systems. Then these results are applied to the study of three important characteristics: the relative entropy of π-entanglement, the Rains bound (the unregularized and regularized versions of both characteristics are considered) and the conditional entanglement of mutual information. In particular, we analyze continuity and convexity properties of the above entanglement measures, prove several results simplifying their definitions and establish a finite-dimensional approximation property for these characteristics that allows us to generalize to the infinite-dimensional case the results proved in the finite-dimensional settings.
An universal approximation technique for analysis of different characteristics of states of composite infinite-dimensional quantum systems is proposed and used to prove general results concerning the properties of correlation and entanglement measures in such systems. Then these results are applied to the study of three important characteristics: the relative entropy of πππ-entanglement, the Rains bound (the unregularized and regularized versions of both characteristics are considered) and the conditional entanglement of mutual information. In particular, we analyse continuity and convexity properties of the above entanglement measures, prove several results simplifying their definitions and establish a finite-dimensional approximation property for these characteristics that allows us to generalize to the infinite-dimensional case the results proved in the finite-dimensional settings.
Special approximation technique for analysis of different characteristics of states of multipartite infinite-dimensional quantum systems is proposed and applied to study of the relative entropy of entanglement and its regularisation. We prove several results about analytical properties of the multipartite relative entropy of entanglement and its regularization (the lower semicontinuity on wide class of states, the uniform continuity under the energy constraints, etc.). We establish a finite-dimensional approximation property for the relative entropy of entanglement and its regularization that allows to generalize to the infinite-dimensional case the results proved in the finite-dimensional settings.
Abstract General methods of local continuity analysis of characteristics of infinite-dimensional composite quantum systems are considered. A new approximation technique for obtaining local continuity conditions for various characteristics of quantum systems is proposed and described in detail. This technique is used to prove several general results (a Simon-type dominated convergence theorem, a theorem on the preservation of continuity under convex mixtures, etc.). Local continuity conditions are derived for the following characteristics of composite quantum systems: the quantum conditional entropy, the quantum (conditional) mutual information, the one-way classical correlation and its regularization, the quantum discord and its regularization, the entanglement of formation and its regularization, and the constrained Holevo capacity of a partial trace and its regularization.
Several important measures of quantum correlations of a state of a finite-dimensional composite system are defined as linear combinations of marginal entropies of this state. This paper is devoted to the infinite-dimensional generalizations of such quantities and to the analysis of their properties. We introduce the notion of faithful extension of a linear combination of marginal entropies and consider several concrete examples starting with the quantum mutual information and the quantum conditional entropy. Then we show that the conditional mutual information can be uniquely defined as a lower semicontinuous function on the set of all states of a tripartite infinite-dimensional system possessing all the basic properties valid in finite dimensions. Infinite-dimensional generalizations of some other measures of quantum correlations in multipartite quantum systems are also considered. It is shown that almost all of these generalized measures are globally lower semicontinuous and possess local continuity properties which essentially simplify their use in analysis of quantum systems. In the second part of the paper we consider applications of the general results of its first part, in particular, to the theory of infinite-dimensional quantum channels and their capacities. We also show the existence of the Fawzi-Renner recovery channel reproducing marginal states for all tripartite states (including states with infinite marginal entropies) starting with the corresponding finite-dimensional result.
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We consider universal methods for obtaining (uniform) continuity bounds for characteristics of multipartite quantum systems. We pay special attention to infinite-dimensional multipartite quantum systems under the energy constraints. By these methods, we obtain continuity bounds for several important characteristics of a multipartite quantum state: the quantum (conditional) mutual information, the squashed entanglement, the c-squashed entanglement, and the conditional entanglement of mutual information. The continuity bounds for the multipartite quantum mutual information are asymptotically tight for large dimension/energy. The obtained results are used to prove the asymptotic continuity of the n-partite squashed entanglement, the c-squashed entanglement, and the conditional entanglement of mutual information under the energy constraints.