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Engineering Quantum Optical Phenomena with Near-Zero Index Metamaterials

Mello, Olivia L

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We theoretically and numerically demonstrate enhanced extended superradiance using a diamond epsilon near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial design. Due to the large spatial coherence in this metamaterial we experience an ultra-high superradiant decay rate enhancement over distances greater than 13 times the free-space wavelength for both two emitters and many-body configurations of emitters. We observe a power enhancement three orders of magnitude higher than an incoherent array of emitters in bulk diamond, corresponding to an $N^2$ scaling with the number of emitters characteristic of superradiance. With similar simulation and design methods, we numerically and analytically demonstrate highly robust, extended entanglement in diamond mu near-zero (MNZ) metamaterials by calculating the concurrence in this system. Robust entanglement is maintained for distances over 10 microns and for distances over 20 times larger in free space configurations and for extended timescales in transiently entangled systems. we apply these optical metamaterial systems to the the silicon vacancy center (SiV) in diamond as a candidate quantum emitter. By simulating the Hamiltonian of two Raman-tuned SiV centers and coupling it to a theoretical 1-D near zero refractive index (NZRI) waveguide with a Dirac-like dispersion, we observe enhanced superradiance via calculating the second order photon correlation function $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ and observing signatures ultra-indistinguishable photons emitted from the superradiant system of 2 SiVs. We demonstrate the feasibility of these NZRI metamaterial designs by fabricating a planar epsilon and mu near-zero (EMNZ) metamaterial design of diamond pillars on single crystal bulk diamond. Additionally, we demonstrate fabrication of angle-etched suspended diamond ENZ waveguides. These are proof-of-concept fabrications for any potential experimental realizations in the future.

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Efficient interfaces between optical photons and quantum bits are fundamental building blocks for quantum networks and large-scale quantum computers. We demonstrate an integrated platform for scalable quantum optics based on color centers coupled to diamond nanodevices. First, we incorporate nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond into hybrid nanophotonic crystal cavities. Despite our progress towards coupling the NV to cavity photons, we find that the NV-cavity interface is limited by the imperfections of the color center's properties and its local environment. We approach this challenge first by characterizing and modifying the diamond surface to reduce the environmental noise affecting the NV optical transition. Subsequently, we develop a new approach that makes use of a quantum emitter with intrinsic protection from this noise: the silicon-vacancy (SiV) center in diamond. We demonstrate that SiV centers introduced through ion implantation feature highly coherent optical transitions, even inside nanostructures. By placing SiV centers inside all-diamond photonic crystal cavities, we achieve strong SiV-photon coupling with a cooperativity of greater than 20. Using this platform, we realize a quantum-optical switch controlled by the spin degree of freedom of a single SiV. By measuring intensity correlations of indistinguishable Raman photons emitted into a single waveguide, we observe a quantum interference effect resulting from the superradiant emission of two probabilistically entangled SiV centers. Finally, we demonstrate controllable photon-mediated interactions between the spin degrees of freedom of two cavity-coupled SiV centers. When the optical transitions of the two SiV centers are tuned into resonance, the coupling of each SiV to the common cavity mode results in a coherent interaction between the two SiVs, leading to the observation of super- and sub-radiant two-SiV states.

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Mar 9, 2018•0 citations
We theoretically and numerically demonstrate enhanced extended superradiance using a diamond epsilon near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial design. Due to the large spatial coherence in this metamaterial we experience an ultra-high superradiant decay rate enhancement over distances greater than 13 times the free-space wavelength for both two emitters and many-body configurations of emitters. We observe a power enhancement three orders of magnitude higher than an incoherent array of emitters in bulk diamond, corresponding to an N2N^2N2 scaling with the number of emitters characteristic of superradiance. With similar simulation and design methods, we numerically and analytically demonstrate highly robust, extended entanglement in diamond mu near-zero (MNZ) metamaterials by calculating the concurrence in this system. Robust entanglement is maintained for distances over 10 microns and for distances over 20 times larger in free space configurations and for extended timescales in transiently entangled systems. we apply these optical metamaterial systems to the the silicon vacancy center (SiV) in diamond as a candidate quantum emitter. By simulating the Hamiltonian of two Raman-tuned SiV centers and coupling it to a theoretical 1-D near zero refractive index (NZRI) waveguide with a Dirac-like dispersion, we observe enhanced superradiance via calculating the second order photon correlation function g(2)(τ)g^{(2)}(\tau)g(2)(τ) and observing signatures ultra-indistinguishable photons emitted from the superradiant system of 2 SiVs. We demonstrate the feasibility of these NZRI metamaterial designs by fabricating a planar epsilon and mu near-zero (EMNZ) metamaterial design of diamond pillars on single crystal bulk diamond. Additionally, we demonstrate fabrication of angle-etched suspended diamond ENZ waveguides. These are proof-of-concept fabrications for any potential experimental realizations in the future.
We theoretically and numerically demonstrate enhanced extended superradiance using a diamond epsilon near-zero metamaterial design. Due to the large spatial coherence in this metamaterial, we experience an ultra-high superradiant decay rate enhancement over distances greater than 13 times the free-space wavelength for both two emitters and many-body configurations of emitters. We observe a power enhancement three orders of magnitude higher than an incoherent array of emitters in bulk diamond, corresponding to an N2 scaling with the number of emitters characteristic of superradiance.
Abstract Entanglement is paramount in quantum information processing. Many quantum systems suffer from spatial decoherence in distances over a wavelength and cannot be sustained over short time periods due to dissipation. However, long range solutions are required for the development of quantum information processing on chip. Photonic reservoirs mediating the interactions between qubits and their environment are suggested. Recent research takes advantage of extended wavelength inside near-zero refractive index media to solve the long-range problem along with less sensitivity on the position of quantum emitters. However, those recent proposals use plasmonic epsilon near-zero waveguides that are intrinsically lossy. Here, we propose a fully dielectric platform, compatible with the Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) diamond centers on-chip technology, to drastically improve the range of entanglement over 17 free-space wavelengths, or approximatively 12.5 µm, using mu near-zero metamaterials. We evaluate transient and steady state concurrence demonstrating an order of magnitude enhancement compared to previous works. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first time that such a long distance is reported using this strategy. Moreover, value of the zero time delay second order correlation function g12(2)(0){g}_{12}^{(2)}(0)g12(2)​(0) g 12 ( 2 ) ( 0 ) are provided, showing antibunching signature correlated with a high degree of concurrence.
Dicke superradiance is essentially a case of correlated dissipation leading to the macroscopic quantum coherence. Superradiance for arrays of inverted emitters in free space requires interactions far beyond the nearest neighbor, limiting its occurrence to small emitter-emitter distances. Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials, which exhibit infinite effective wavelengths, can mediate long-range interactions between emitters. We investigate the superradiance properties of two ENZ structures, namely plasmonic waveguides and dielectric photonic crystals, and demonstrate their potential to support near-ideal Dicke superradiance across expanded spatial domains. We employ a general method that we have developed to assess the occurrence of superradiance, which is applicable to various coupling scenarios and relies only on the decoherence matrix. Furthermore, by numerically examining the emission dynamics of the few-emitter systems, we distinguish the roles of quantum coherence at different stages of emission for the case of all-to-all interaction, and demonstrate that the maximum quantum coherence in the system can be determined using the maximum photon burst rate. The findings of this work have prospective applications in quantum information processing and light-matter interaction.
Multiqubit entanglement is extremely important to perform truly secure quantum optical communication and computing operations. However, the efficient generation of long-range entanglement over extended time periods between multiple qubits randomly distributed in a photonic system remains an outstanding challenge. This constraint is mainly due to the detrimental effects of decoherence and dephasing. To alleviate this issue, we present engineered epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) nanostructures that can maximize the coherence of light–matter interactions at room temperature. We investigate a practical ENZ plasmonic waveguide system, which simultaneously achieves multiqubit entanglement in elongated distances, extended time periods, and, even more importantly, independent of the emitters' positions. More specifically, we present efficient transient entanglement between three and four optical qubits mediated by ENZ with results that can be easily generalized to an arbitrary number of emitters. The entanglement between multiple qubits is characterized by computing the negativity metric applied to the proposed nanophotonic ENZ configuration. The ENZ response is found to be substantially advantageous to boost the coherence between multiple emitters compared to alternative plasmonic waveguide schemes. Finally, the super-radiance collective emission response at the ENZ resonance is utilized to design a high fidelity two-qubit quantum phase gate that can be used in various emerging quantum computing applications.
Efficient interfaces between optical photons and quantum bits are fundamental building blocks for quantum networks and large-scale quantum computers. We demonstrate an integrated platform for scalable quantum optics based on color centers coupled to diamond nanodevices. First, we incorporate nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond into hybrid nanophotonic crystal cavities. Despite our progress towards coupling the NV to cavity photons, we find that the NV-cavity interface is limited by the imperfections of the color center's properties and its local environment. We approach this challenge first by characterizing and modifying the diamond surface to reduce the environmental noise affecting the NV optical transition. Subsequently, we develop a new approach that makes use of a quantum emitter with intrinsic protection from this noise: the silicon-vacancy (SiV) center in diamond. We demonstrate that SiV centers introduced through ion implantation feature highly coherent optical transitions, even inside nanostructures. By placing SiV centers inside all-diamond photonic crystal cavities, we achieve strong SiV-photon coupling with a cooperativity of greater than 20. Using this platform, we realize a quantum-optical switch controlled by the spin degree of freedom of a single SiV. By measuring intensity correlations of indistinguishable Raman photons emitted into a single waveguide, we observe a quantum interference effect resulting from the superradiant emission of two probabilistically entangled SiV centers. Finally, we demonstrate controllable photon-mediated interactions between the spin degrees of freedom of two cavity-coupled SiV centers. When the optical transitions of the two SiV centers are tuned into resonance, the coupling of each SiV to the common cavity mode results in a coherent interaction between the two SiVs, leading to the observation of super- and sub-radiant two-SiV states.