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Critical phenomena in a spin-1/2 Baxter–Wu triangular multilayers with Ising-like coupling

Jorge, L.N., Ferreira, L.S., DaSilva, Claudio J., Caparica, A.A.

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Our research focuses on the creation of a 3D layered system model that adheres to a three-spin Baxter–Wu-like interaction. To address the phase transition problem, we use entropic sampling simulations to construct the density of states and analyze various quantities such as the total magnetization, average energy, magnetic susceptibility, energy probability distribution function, and inverse microcanonical temperature. Once we established that the system undergoes a first-order phase transition, we carried out a finite-size scaling procedure by carefully studying the critical behavior of the minimum temperature of cumulants for energy and magnetization. We also computed the pseudocritical temperature, Tc(L), which is the temperature where the energy density probability distribution has a double peak. Based on our analysis, we were able to obtain an estimation of the transition temperature as Tc≈3.94 and the latent heat value ΔE≈1.2 at this point.

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Our research focuses on the creation of a 3D layered system model that adheres to a three-spin Baxter–Wu-like interaction. To address the phase transition problem, we use entropic sampling simulations to construct the density of states and analyze various quantities such as the total magnetization, average energy, magnetic susceptibility, energy probability distribution function, and inverse microcanonical temperature. Once we established that the system undergoes a first-order phase transition, we carried out a finite-size scaling procedure by carefully studying the critical behavior of the minimum temperature of cumulants for energy and magnetization. We also computed the pseudocritical temperature, Tc(L), which is the temperature where the energy density probability distribution has a double peak. Based on our analysis, we were able to obtain an estimation of the transition temperature as Tc≈3.94 and the latent heat value ΔE≈1.2 at this point.
Abstract Using a Monte Carlo simulation and the single histogram reweighting technique, we study the critical behaviors and phase transitions of the Baxter–Wu (BW) model on a two-layer triangular lattice with Ising-type interlayer couplings. Via the finite-size analysis, we obtain the transition temperatures and critical exponents at repulsive and attractive interlayer couplings. The data for the repulsive interlayer coupling suggest continuous transitions, and the critical behaviors are the same as those of the 2D BW model, belonging to the four-state Potts universality class. The reduced energy cumulants and the histograms reveal that attractive coupling leads to weak first-order phase transitions. The pseudocritical exponents with the existence of the interlayer couplings indicate that the first-order transition is very close to the critical point of the 2D standard BW model.
We investigate the critical behavior of the two-dimensional spin-1 Baxter-Wu model in the presence of a crystal-field coupling Δ with the goal of determining the universality class of transitions along the second-order part of the transition line as one approaches the putative location of the multicritical point. We employ extensive Monte Carlo simulations using two different methodologies: (i) a study of the zeros of the energy probability distribution, closely related to the Fisher zeros of the partition function, and (ii) the well-established multicanonical approach employed to study the probability distribution of the crystal-field energy. A detailed finite-size scaling analysis in the regime of second-order phase transitions in the (Δ,T) phase diagram supports previous claims that the transition belongs to the universality class of the four-state Potts model. For positive values of Δ, we observe the presence of strong finite-size effects, indicative of crossover effects due to the proximity of the first-order part of the transition line. Finally, we demonstrate how a combination of cluster and heat-bath updates allows one to equilibrate larger systems, and we demonstrate the potential of this approach for resolving the ambiguities observed in the regime of Δ≳0.
We studied the pure and dilute Baxter–Wu (BW) models using the Wang–Landau (WL) sampling method to calculate the density-of-states (DOS). We first used the exact result for the DOS of the Ising model to test our code. Then we calculated the DOS of the dilute Ising model to obtain a phase diagram, in good agreement with previous studies. We calculated the energy distribution, together with its first, second and fourth moments, to give the specific heat and the energy fourth order cumulant, better known as the Binder parameter, for the pure BW model. For small samples, the energy distribution displayed a doubly peaked shape, and finite size scaling analysis showed the expected reciprocal scaling of the positions of the peaks with L . The energy distribution yielded the expected BW α = 2/3 critical exponent for the specific heat. The Binder parameter minimum appeared to scale with lattice size L with an exponent θ B equal to the specific heat exponent. Its location (temperature) showed a large correction-to-scaling term θ 1 = 0.248 ± 0.025. For the dilute BW model we found a clear crossover to a single peak in the energy distribution even for small sizes and the expected α = 0 was recovered.
We investigate the percolation behavior of Fortuin-Kasteleyn-type clusters in the spin-1/2 Baxter-Wu model with three-spin interactions on a triangular lattice. The considered clusters are constructed by randomly freezing one of the three sublattices, resulting in effective pairwise interactions among the remaining spins. Using Monte Carlo simulations combined with a finite-size scaling analysis, we determine the percolation temperature of these stochastic clusters and show that it coincides with the exact thermal critical point of the model. The critical exponents derived from cluster observables are consistent with those of the underlying thermal phase transition. Finally, we analyze the dynamical scaling of the multicluster and single-cluster algorithms resulting from the cluster construction, highlighting their efficiency and scaling behavior with system size.
Abstract This article offers a detailed analysis of pseudo-phase transitions of Ising and Baxter–Wu models in two-dimensional finite-size lattices. We carry out Wang–Landau sampling to obtain the density of states. Using microcanonical inflection-point analysis with microcanonical entropy, we obtain the order of the pseudo-phase transitions in the models. The microcanonical analysis results of the second-order transition for the Ising model and the first-order transition for the Baxter–Wu model are consistent with the traditional canonical results. In addition, the third-order transitions are found in both models, implying the universality of higher-order phase transitions.