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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Phase transitions of two spin-1/2 Baxter–Wu layers coupled with Ising-type interactions

Wei Liu, Zhengxin Yan, Yixian Wang

Published Jan 1, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Using a Monte Carlo simulation and the single histogram reweighting technique, we study the critical behaviors and phase transitions of the Baxter–Wu (BW) model on a two-layer triangular lattice with Ising-type interlayer couplings. Via the finite-size analysis, we obtain the transition temperatures and critical exponents at repulsive and attractive interlayer couplings. The data for the repulsive interlayer coupling suggest continuous transitions, and the critical behaviors are the same as those of the 2D BW model, belonging to the four-state Potts universality class. The reduced energy cumulants and the histograms reveal that attractive coupling leads to weak first-order phase transitions. The pseudocritical exponents with the existence of the interlayer couplings indicate that the first-order transition is very close to the critical point of the 2D standard BW model.

DOI
10.1088/1572-9494/abc7ac

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Abstract Using a Monte Carlo simulation and the single histogram reweighting technique, we study the critical behaviors and phase transitions of the Baxter–Wu (BW) model on a two-layer triangular lattice with Ising-type interlayer couplings. Via the finite-size analysis, we obtain the transition temperatures and critical exponents at repulsive and attractive interlayer couplings. The data for the repulsive interlayer coupling suggest continuous transitions, and the critical behaviors are the same as those of the 2D BW model, belonging to the four-state Potts universality class. The reduced energy cumulants and the histograms reveal that attractive coupling leads to weak first-order phase transitions. The pseudocritical exponents with the existence of the interlayer couplings indicate that the first-order transition is very close to the critical point of the 2D standard BW model.
Our research focuses on the creation of a 3D layered system model that adheres to a three-spin Baxter–Wu-like interaction. To address the phase transition problem, we use entropic sampling simulations to construct the density of states and analyze various quantities such as the total magnetization, average energy, magnetic susceptibility, energy probability distribution function, and inverse microcanonical temperature. Once we established that the system undergoes a first-order phase transition, we carried out a finite-size scaling procedure by carefully studying the critical behavior of the minimum temperature of cumulants for energy and magnetization. We also computed the pseudocritical temperature, Tc(L), which is the temperature where the energy density probability distribution has a double peak. Based on our analysis, we were able to obtain an estimation of the transition temperature as Tc≈3.94 and the latent heat value ΔE≈1.2 at this point.
The phase transitions (PTs) and critical properties of the antiferromagnetic Ising model on a layered (stacked) triangular lattice have been studied by the Monte Carlo method using a replica algorithm with allowance for the next-nearest-neighbor interactions. The character of PTs is analyzed using the histogram technique and the method of Binder cumulants. It is established that the transition from the disordered to paramagnetic phase in the adopted model is a second-order PT. Static critical exponents of the heat capacity (α), susceptibility (γ), order parameter (β), and correlation radius (ν) and the Fischer exponent η are calculated using the finite-size scaling theory. It is shown that (i) the antiferromagnetic Ising model on a layered triangular lattice belongs to the XY universality class of critical behavior and (ii) allowance for the intralayer interactions of next-nearest neighbors in the adopted model leads to a change in the universality class of critical behavior.
The critical behavior of the Baxter-Wu model belongs to the universality class of the four-state Potts model. While the introduction of annealed vacancies does not alter the criticality of the four-state Potts model, the dilute Baxter-Wu model has remained the subject of several competing scenarios. Here we investigate the phase diagram of the spin-1 Baxter-Wu model in the presence of a crystal field using transfer-matrix calculations and large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. Our results reveal a systematic evolution of the effective critical behavior with increasing crystal field, accompanied by increasingly strong finite-size corrections near the crossover to the first-order regime. Along the line of continuous transitions, the central charge remains close to c=1, while the scaling dimensions systematically deviate from the spin-1/2 limit as the crystal field increases, consistent with either continuously varying effective critical exponents or a slow crossover between competing critical behaviors. The first-order regime is independently characterized through multicanonical simulations, which confirm the expected finite-size scaling and interfacial behavior. Taken together, our results provide a unified picture of the dilute spin-1 Baxter-Wu model, substantially narrowing the range of possible scenarios for the crossover between continuous and first-order phase transitions.
We investigate the critical behavior of the two-dimensional spin-1 Baxter-Wu model in the presence of a crystal-field coupling Δ with the goal of determining the universality class of transitions along the second-order part of the transition line as one approaches the putative location of the multicritical point. We employ extensive Monte Carlo simulations using two different methodologies: (i) a study of the zeros of the energy probability distribution, closely related to the Fisher zeros of the partition function, and (ii) the well-established multicanonical approach employed to study the probability distribution of the crystal-field energy. A detailed finite-size scaling analysis in the regime of second-order phase transitions in the (Δ,T) phase diagram supports previous claims that the transition belongs to the universality class of the four-state Potts model. For positive values of Δ, we observe the presence of strong finite-size effects, indicative of crossover effects due to the proximity of the first-order part of the transition line. Finally, we demonstrate how a combination of cluster and heat-bath updates allows one to equilibrate larger systems, and we demonstrate the potential of this approach for resolving the ambiguities observed in the regime of Δ≳0.
Abstract Phase transitions and critical and thermodynamic properties of the three-dimensional antiferromagnetic Ising model on a layered triangular lattice with variable interlayer exchange interaction are studied by the replica algorithm of the Monte Carlo method. The studies are carried out for the ratios of the intralayer J1 and interlayer J2 exchange interactions in the range of r = J2/J1 = 0.01–1.0. It is established that a second-order phase transition is observed in the considered r interval. Using the finite size scaling theory, the static critical exponents of the heat capacity α, susceptibility γ, order parameter β, correlation radius ν, and Fisher index η are calculated. It is shown that the universality class of the critical behavior of this model is preserved in the interval of 0.05 < r ≤ 1.0. It was found that with a further decrease in the r value, a crossover from the three-dimensional critical behavior to the quasi-two-dimensional one is observed.
We study the early time behavior of the Baxter-Wu model, an Ising model with three-spin interactions on a triangular lattice. Our estimates for the dynamic exponent z are compatible with results recently obtained for two models which belong to the same universality class of the Baxter-Wu model: the two-dimensional four-state Potts model and the Ising model with three-spin interactions in one direction. However, our estimates for the dynamic exponent theta of the Baxter-Wu model are completely different from the values obtained for those models. This discrepancy could be related to the absence of a marginal operator in the Baxter-Wu model.