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Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences Physics

Ultrabroadband Biphoton Fields in Periodically Poled Photonic-Crystal Fibers

M. A. Smirnov

Published Dec 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A new approach was considered that combines generation methods in optical fibers with a strongly modified dispersion profile and nonlinear crystals with periodic poling. The results of numerical analysis showed the rich potential of such systems for generating quantum states, in particular, for generating ultrabroadband states for two-photon microscopy applications.

DOI
10.1134/s1062873825713704

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Abstract A new approach was considered that combines generation methods in optical fibers with a strongly modified dispersion profile and nonlinear crystals with periodic poling. The results of numerical analysis showed the rich potential of such systems for generating quantum states, in particular, for generating ultrabroadband states for two-photon microscopy applications.
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The generation of biphoton wave packets with a broad spectrum owing to quasi-phase-matched spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a crystal with an aperiodic poling has been considered. Biphotons at the exit of such a sample are not Fourier limited; i.e., their correlation time is much larger than the inverse width of the spectrum. It has been shown that if the inverse grating vector varies linearly along the sample length, the generated biphoton wave packets can be compressed in time by transmitting two-photon light through an optical fiber.
We describe properties of entangled photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion in periodically poled nonlinear crystals. These materials can serve as a useful bright source of photon pairs which properties can be tailored on demand. Especially photon pairs with broad spectra and sharp temporal features can be observed. Both uniform and chirped poling are considered. Spectral properties of the generated photons, photon fluxes, coincidence-count patterns in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer, entropy of entanglement, as well as transverse profiles of intensities of the generated photon fields are discussed. Also the correlation area of two photons comprising a photon pair has been studied as it depends on parameters of periodical poling. Attention is also paid to structures with randomly distributed boundaries.
Collinear parametric scattering of light under type-II phase matching is considered in a periodic sequence of nonlinear cells made of BBO crystals. The possibilities of reducing the duration of the wave packets of biphotons and increasing their intensity under monochromatic pumping are studied. The analysis is based on the account of dispersion of the refractive indices using Sellmeier equations. The obtained results allow one to conclude that at an appropriate choice of the crystal thicknesses and the number of cells, it is possible to significantly increase the flux of broadband biphotons and obtain extremely short quantum packets. It is shown that for sufficiently small thicknesses of individual crystals (layers), this system exhibits a fine structure in the spectrum of biphotons: with an increase in the number of cells (layers) the broadband spectrum is divided into a number of narrow bands and the number of these bands increases. When use is made of a nonlinear BBO crystal, this method allows one to obtain ultrashort packets of biphotons with duration . Compared with a different method of generation of broadband biphotons, which is based on the use of quasi-phase-matched periodically poled crystals, the method studied in this paper does not necessitate the need for the phase modulation of a biphoton to be converted into the amplitude modulation.
Abstract A degenerate parametric process and the complete upward generation of ordinary and extraordinary optical waves inside a periodically poled nonlinear crystal (PPNC) with quadratic nonlinearity are considered. A quantum theory is developed for describing statistical characteristics of the polarized states of light in a PPNC. It is found that the degree of polarization can be controlled by creating an imbalance in the intensity of modes at frequencies of ordinary and extraordinary optical waves (i.e., reducing the average number of photons in one and increasing it in the other).