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Deterministic All-Optical Quantum Repeater Using Sequential Giant-Vortex Bose-Einstein Condensates

Depio, G.

Published Nov 22, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a deterministic, all-optical quantum repeater architecture based on a linear array of rotating 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), each containing a single giant quantum vortex. High-dimensional orbital angular momentum OAM-entangled photon pairs generated in the first condensate are sequentially handed off as slow-light polaritons to subsequent condensates, where the analog ergosphere refreshes geometric phase protection with excess lifetime τexcess ∝ℓ2. No probabilistic Bell measurements, matter qubits, or cryogenic temperatures are required. Temporal multiplexing yields∼30–100 parallel channels and spatial OAM multiplexing yields 103–104, for a combined >105 logical entangled channels per physical fiber with near-unity fidelity over arbitrary distance. The scheme is directly compatible with existing telecom fiber and offers a practical path toward a global-scale quantum internet.

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.17683698

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We propose a deterministic, all-optical quantum repeater architecture based on a linear array of rotating 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), each containing a single giant quantum vortex. High-dimensional orbital angular momentum OAM-entangled photon pairs generated in the first condensate are sequentially handed off as slow-light polaritons to subsequent condensates, where the analog ergosphere refreshes geometric phase protection with excess lifetime τexcess ∝ℓ2. No probabilistic Bell measurements, matter qubits, or cryogenic temperatures are required. Temporal multiplexing yields∼30–100 parallel channels and spatial OAM multiplexing yields 103–104, for a combined >105 logical entangled channels per physical fiber with near-unity fidelity over arbitrary distance. The scheme is directly compatible with existing telecom fiber and offers a practical path toward a global-scale quantum internet.
We propose a tabletop experiment to generate high-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM)-entangled photon pairs using slow-light polaritons in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) containing a giant quantum vortex. By leveraging electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to reduce the effective propagation speed and vortex-induced frame dragging to create an analog rotating spacetime, counter-propagating OAM modes (±ℓ) experience ergosphere-like regions with enhanced coherence. We predict an OAM-dependent excess entanglement lifetime scaling as τexcess ∝ℓ2, arising from disformal couplings in the effective metric. Upon release from the BEC, these entangled polaritons convert to flying photons at c, preserving OAM and entanglement for direct integration into fiber or free-space quantum networks. This provides a novel, robust source of high-dimensional entanglement while offering an analog probe of geometric mechanisms potentially relevant to quantum gravity conjectures such as ER=EPR.
We propose a scheme for the generation of arbitrary coherent superpositions of vortex states in Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) using the orbital-angular-momentum states of light. We devise a scheme to generate coherent superpositions of two such counterrotating states of light using well-known experimental techniques. We show that a specially designed Raman scheme allows for transfer of the optical vortex-superposition state onto an initially nonrotating BEC. This creates an arbitrary and coherent superposition of a vortex and antivortex pair in the BEC. The ideas presented here could be extended to generate entangled vortex states, design memories for the orbital-angular-momentum states of light, and perform other quantum information tasks. Applications to inertial sensing are also discussed.
We study the establishment of vortex entanglement in remote Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). We consider a two-mode photonic resource entangled in its orbital angular momentum (OAM) degree of freedom and, by exploiting the process of light-to-BEC OAM transfer, demonstrate that such entanglement can be efficiently passed to the matterlike systems. Our proposal thus represents a building block for novel dissipation-free and long-memory communication channels based on OAM. We discuss issues of practical realizability, stressing the feasibility of our scheme, and present an operative technique for the indirect inference of the set vortex entanglement.
Quantum teleportation is one of the most essential protocol in quantum information. In addition to increasing the scale of teleportation distance, improving its information transmission capacity is also vital importance for its practical applications. Recently, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has attracted wide attention as an important degree of freedom for realizing multiplexing to increase information transmission capacity. Here we show that by utilizing the OAM multiplexed continuous variable entanglement, 9 OAM multiplexed channels of parallel all-optical quantum teleportation can be deterministically established in experiment. More importantly, our parallel all-optical quantum teleportation scheme can teleport OAM-superposition-mode coded coherent state, which demonstrates the teleportation of more than one optical mode with fidelity beating the classical limit and thus ensures the increase of information transmission capacity. Our results open the avenue for deterministically implementing parallel quantum communication protocols and provide a promising paradigm for constructing high-capacity all-optical quantum communication networks.
Long-distance entanglement distribution is hindered by photon loss in optical fibers and the nocloning theorem. Optical quantum repeater (QR) protocols rely on Bell state measurements (BSMs), they are intrinsically limited to probabilistic photon operations and fail 50% of the time. We propose a hybrid approach to building quantum repeaters that combines the high transmission speed of photonic qubits in optical fiber with the high-fidelity quantum processing capabilities enabled by superconducting circuits. The transduction-enabled superconducting QR (TESQR) architecture eliminates the need for probabilistic BSMs and allows deterministic processing operations. The TESQR framework always yields a final state at the remote nodes rather than aborting on photon loss, manifesting deterministic entanglement distribution within certain parameter regimes. We evaluate the performance by assessing output-state fidelities and success probabilities of entanglement distribution using realistic noise models. Additionally, we integrate an entanglement purification scheme and evaluate the performance through numerical simulations in QuTiP environment. Our results show that, for entanglement swapping, the proposed scheme improves the entanglement distribution rate by an average of 63% and by up to 159% compared with photonic-only architectures. Moreover, after purification, the end-to-end fidelities exceed 0.8 over distances up to 20 km.
We recently proposed a scheme for the creation of coherent superpositions of vortex states in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) using orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of light [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 173601 (2005)]. Here we discuss further technical details of the proposal, provide an alternative, time-reversal-symmetric scheme for transfer of a superposition of OAM states of light to the BEC via a procedure analogous to the traditional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique, and discuss an alternative trap configuration conducive for sustaining large charge vortices. Superpositions of OAM states of light, that can be created using the existing experimental techniques, can be transferred to an initially nonrotating BEC via a specially devised Raman coupling scheme. The techniques proposed here open up avenues to study coherent interaction of OAM states of light with matter. The study could also be employed for performing various quantum-information-processing tasks with OAM states of light---including a memory for a quantum state of the initial superposition.