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arXiv:quant-ph/0504130 · Physical Review Letters

Vortex Phase Qubit: Generating Arbitrary, Counterrotating, Coherent Superpositions in Bose-Einstein Condensates via Optical Angular Momentum Beams

Kishore T. Kapale, Jonathan P. Dowling

Published Oct 19, 2005• 167 citations
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Abstract

We propose a scheme for the generation of arbitrary coherent superpositions of vortex states in Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) using the orbital-angular-momentum states of light. We devise a scheme to generate coherent superpositions of two such counterrotating states of light using well-known experimental techniques. We show that a specially designed Raman scheme allows for transfer of the optical vortex-superposition state onto an initially nonrotating BEC. This creates an arbitrary and coherent superposition of a vortex and antivortex pair in the BEC. The ideas presented here could be extended to generate entangled vortex states, design memories for the orbital-angular-momentum states of light, and perform other quantum information tasks. Applications to inertial sensing are also discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.95.173601

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We propose a scheme for the generation of arbitrary coherent superpositions of vortex states in Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) using the orbital-angular-momentum states of light. We devise a scheme to generate coherent superpositions of two such counterrotating states of light using well-known experimental techniques. We show that a specially designed Raman scheme allows for transfer of the optical vortex-superposition state onto an initially nonrotating BEC. This creates an arbitrary and coherent superposition of a vortex and antivortex pair in the BEC. The ideas presented here could be extended to generate entangled vortex states, design memories for the orbital-angular-momentum states of light, and perform other quantum information tasks. Applications to inertial sensing are also discussed.
We recently proposed a scheme for the creation of coherent superpositions of vortex states in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) using orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of light [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 173601 (2005)]. Here we discuss further technical details of the proposal, provide an alternative, time-reversal-symmetric scheme for transfer of a superposition of OAM states of light to the BEC via a procedure analogous to the traditional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique, and discuss an alternative trap configuration conducive for sustaining large charge vortices. Superpositions of OAM states of light, that can be created using the existing experimental techniques, can be transferred to an initially nonrotating BEC via a specially devised Raman coupling scheme. The techniques proposed here open up avenues to study coherent interaction of OAM states of light with matter. The study could also be employed for performing various quantum-information-processing tasks with OAM states of light---including a memory for a quantum state of the initial superposition.
In this paper we demonstrate a technique that can create non-equilibrium vortex configurations with almost arbitrary charge and geometry in a Bose-Einstein condensate. We coherently transfer orbital angular momentum from a holographically generated light beam to a 87Rb condensate using a two-photon stimulated Raman process. Using matter wave interferometry, we verify the phase pattern imprinted onto the atomic wave function for a single vortex and a vortex-antivortex pair. In addition to their phase winding, the vortices created with this technique have an associated hyperfine spin texture.
In this paper we demonstrate a technique that can create non-equilibrium vortex configurations with almost arbitrary charge and geometry in a Bose-Einstein condensate. We coherently transfer orbital angular momentum from a holographically generated light beam to a 87Rb condensate using a two-photon stimulated Raman process. Using matter wave interferometry, we verify the phase pattern imprinted onto the atomic wave function for a single vortex and a vortex-antivortex pair. In addition to their phase winding, the vortices created with this technique have an associated hyperfine spin texture.
We present experimental results on the coherent transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) from optical fields to the center-of-mass motion of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), using an approach which results in negligible linear momentum change. Two collinear optical beams of differing OAM are used to couple discrete sublevels of the atomic ground state via a stimulated Raman process. We demonstrate several of the possible optical field configurations which place the BEC into various spinor and vortex states. We also show how this approach can be used to create coherent superpositions of these states and use the interference patterns of such superpositions to confirm the presence of quantized vortices.