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IEEE Wireless Communications Letters

Secure Short Packet Communication With Energy Harvesting Self-Sustaining Nodes

Amit Patel, Shankar Prakriya

Published Nov 13, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This letter studies the secrecy performance of short packet communication between a multi-antenna wireless-powered node and a single-antenna destination in the presence of a passive multi-antenna eavesdropper. An approximate closed-form expression for secrecy throughput (ST) with transmit antenna selection is derived, thereby showing the impact of key parameters on ST. Specifically, we demonstrate how the optimal blocklength can be evaluated for the proposed system. Besides, we derive an expression for the optimal fraction of blocklength for energy harvesting, i.e., harvest blocklength, with a single-antenna source and a multi-antenna eavesdropper. Numerical results illustrate the impact of system parameters on optimal harvest blocklength at both low and high signal-to-noise ratios.

DOI
10.1109/lwc.2025.3632318

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This letter studies the secrecy performance of short packet communication between a multi-antenna wireless-powered node and a single-antenna destination in the presence of a passive multi-antenna eavesdropper. An approximate closed-form expression for secrecy throughput (ST) with transmit antenna selection is derived, thereby showing the impact of key parameters on ST. Specifically, we demonstrate how the optimal blocklength can be evaluated for the proposed system. Besides, we derive an expression for the optimal fraction of blocklength for energy harvesting, i.e., harvest blocklength, with a single-antenna source and a multi-antenna eavesdropper. Numerical results illustrate the impact of system parameters on optimal harvest blocklength at both low and high signal-to-noise ratios.
This paper proposes a secure wireless communication system that integrates Physical Layer Security (PLS) with Energy Harvesting (EH) to improve both data confidentiality and network sustainability. The system model consists of a source node S, powered by energy harvested from spatially distributed power stations, a multi-antenna destination node D, and an eavesdropper node E located within the communication range. A time-switching protocol enables the source node S to alternate between energy harvesting and secure data transmission. To enhance signal quality and system security, the destination node D employs Selection Combining (SC) and Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) techniques to mitigate fading effects and eavesdropping risks. Analytical expressions for the Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) at both the destination D and the eavesdropper E are derived, along with the Probability Density Function (PDF) and Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of these SNRs under block Rayleigh fading conditions. Furthermore, an exact analytical formulation for Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP) is presented, quantifying the probability of information leakage under various system configurations. The proposed model is validated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations, which confirm the accuracy of the mathematical analysis of SOP. Based on simulation results, the impact of key system parameters—such as energy harvesting efficiency η, time-switching protocol parameter α, the number of antennas M at the destination node, and the number of beacon nodes N—on SOP is analyzed. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing secure and energy-efficient communication in wireless networks.
In applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), the use of short packets is expected to meet the stringent latency requirement in ultra-reliable low-latency communications; however, the incurred security issues and the impact of finite blocklength coding on the physical-layer security are not well understood. This paper investigates the performance of secure short-packet communications in a mission-critical IoT system with an external multi-antenna eavesdropper. An analytical framework is proposed to approximate the average achievable secrecy throughput of the system with finite blocklength coding. To gain more insight, a simple case with a single-antenna access point (AP) is considered first, in which the secrecy throughput is approximated in a closed form. Based on that result, the optimal blocklengths to maximize the secrecy throughput with and without the reliability and latency constraints, respectively, are derived. For the case with a multi-antenna AP, following the proposed analytical framework, closed-form approximations for the secrecy throughput are obtained under both beamforming and artificial-noise-aided transmission schemes. The numerical results verify the accuracy of the proposed approximations and illustrate the impact of the system parameters on the tradeoff between transmission latency and reliability under a secrecy constraint.
This paper studies the performance of short packet communications in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. We start our investigation by examining the fading wiretap channel, where the communication is overheard by multiple non-colluding single antenna eavesdroppers. A closed-form expression for the average secrecy throughput is derived, when the transmitter has a single antenna. The Monte-Carlo simulations show a close match of the analytical expression with the numerical results. Moreover, the optimal blocklength value that maximizes the secrecy throughput is determined, when the communication is observed by single and multiple eavesdroppers. We then extend our analysis for the case of a multiple-antenna transmitter and consider artificial noise (AN) to confuse the eavesdroppers. A closed-form expression for the average secrecy throughput is obtained for the scenario of a two-antenna transmitter and two eavesdroppers with a single antenna. The results demonstrate the validity of the approximation when compared with Monte-Carlo simulations. The results further reveal that an increased number of antennas at the transmitter is associated with higher average secrecy throughput and applying AN helps to eliminate the harm of the eavesdroppers.
In this paper, we propose using a wireless-powered friendly jammer to enable secure communication between a source node and destination node, in the presence of an eavesdropper. We consider a two-phase communication protocol with fixed-rate transmission. In the first phase, wireless power transfer is conducted from the source to the jammer. In the second phase, the source transmits the information-bearing signal under the protection of a jamming signal sent by the jammer using the harvested energy in the first phase. We analytically characterize the long-term behavior of the proposed protocol and derive a closed-form expression for the throughput. We further optimize the rate parameters for maximizing the throughput subject to a secrecy outage probability constraint. Our analytical results show that the throughput performance differs significantly between the single-antenna jammer case and the multiantenna jammer case. For instance, as the source transmit power increases, the throughput quickly reaches an upper bound with single-antenna jammer, while the throughput grows unbounded with multiantenna jammer. Our numerical results also validate the derived analytical results.
In this letter, we investigate the security of a single-antenna rechargeable source node in the presence of a multi-antenna rechargeable cooperative jammer and a potential single-antenna eavesdropper. The batteries at the legitimate transmitting nodes (i.e., the source node and the jamming node) are assumed to be limited in capacity and are modeled as queueing systems. We investigate the impact of the energy arrival rates at the batteries on the achievable secrecy rates. In our energy-constrained network, we propose an efficient scheme to enhance the system's security by optimizing the transmission times of the source node. The jammer uses a subset of its antennas and transmit radio-frequency chains to create a beamformer which maximizes the system's secrecy rate while completely canceling the artificial noise at the legitimate destination. Our numerical results demonstrate the significant average secrecy rate gain of our proposed scheme.
This paper studies the secrecy performance of an energy-harvesting relaying system in the presence of a dualuse source node and an eavesdropper.Specifically, the source has dual roles in the dual-hop communication: 1) to transmit confidential information in the first hop; 2) to generate jamming signal to interfere the eavesdropper in the second hop.Moreover, the multi-antenna relay deploys a power-splitting harvesting scheme to coordinate the information receiving and energy harvesting, and adopts maximal ratio combining technique to process the multiple copies of signals.Considering decode-andforward protocol and transmit antenna selection scheme, we derive an analytical expression for secrecy outage probability, and perform Monte Carlo simulation to validate the analysis.Analytical results show that the SOP performance with the dualuse source node can be effectively improved when the relaydestination channel does not have absolute advantage over the relay-eavesdropper channel.