This paper proposes a secure wireless communication system that integrates Physical Layer Security (PLS) with Energy Harvesting (EH) to improve both data confidentiality and network sustainability. The system model consists of a source node S, powered by energy harvested from spatially distributed power stations, a multi-antenna destination node D, and an eavesdropper node E located within the communication range. A time-switching protocol enables the source node S to alternate between energy harvesting and secure data transmission. To enhance signal quality and system security, the destination node D employs Selection Combining (SC) and Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) techniques to mitigate fading effects and eavesdropping risks. Analytical expressions for the Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) at both the destination D and the eavesdropper E are derived, along with the Probability Density Function (PDF) and Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of these SNRs under block Rayleigh fading conditions. Furthermore, an exact analytical formulation for Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP) is presented, quantifying the probability of information leakage under various system configurations. The proposed model is validated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations, which confirm the accuracy of the mathematical analysis of SOP. Based on simulation results, the impact of key system parameters—such as energy harvesting efficiency η, time-switching protocol parameter α, the number of antennas M at the destination node, and the number of beacon nodes N—on SOP is analyzed. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing secure and energy-efficient communication in wireless networks.
This paper proposes a secure wireless communication system that integrates Physical Layer Security (PLS) with Energy Harvesting (EH) to improve both data confidentiality and network sustainability. The system model consists of a source node S, powered by energy harvested from spatially distributed power stations, a multi-antenna destination node D, and an eavesdropper node E located within the communication range. A time-switching protocol enables the source node S to alternate between energy harvesting and secure data transmission. To enhance signal quality and system security, the destination node D employs Selection Combining (SC) and Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) techniques to mitigate fading effects and eavesdropping risks. Analytical expressions for the Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) at both the destination D and the eavesdropper E are derived, along with the Probability Density Function (PDF) and Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of these SNRs under block Rayleigh fading conditions. Furthermore, an exact analytical formulation for Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP) is presented, quantifying the probability of information leakage under various system configurations. The proposed model is validated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations, which confirm the accuracy of the mathematical analysis of SOP. Based on simulation results, the impact of key system parameters—such as energy harvesting efficiency η, time-switching protocol parameter α, the number of antennas M at the destination node, and the number of beacon nodes N—on SOP is analyzed. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing secure and energy-efficient communication in wireless networks.
Nowadays, the emergence of digital applications such as online gaming, extended reality (XR), and the Metaverse, causes the increasing demand of copyright data protection. The copyright data may be encrypted and transferred over communication media like wireless channels. In wireless communication networks, the need for robust content security and data protection is becoming increasingly critical. In addition, this communication also requires ultrareliable, low latency, and high-bandwidth connectivity. This paper proposes a secure and energy-efficient communication framework that leverages the synergies of Physical Layer Security (PLS) and Energy Harvesting (EH) techniques to address these demands. Specifically, a source node, energized by harvested energy, securely transmits confidential data to a multi-antenna destination node, while mitigating potential interception by an eavesdropper. The proposed framework incorporates advanced PLS strategies, including the use of jamming signals, Selection Combining (SC), and Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) to enhance the confidentiality of the transmitted information. We derive exact analytical expressions for the Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP) and validate the theoretical results through Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results demonstrate a significant performance improvement, revealing the intricate trade-offs between energy efficiency and security. In future work, we intend to explore the integration of AI-driven adaptive security protocols and blockchain-based authentication mechanisms to further fortify content security in next-generation wireless networks.
In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security (PLS) of a wireless sensor network (WSN) that consists of a base station (BS), multiple sensor nodes (SNs), and multiple energy-limited relays (ERs) in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (EAV). We adopt a time-switching/power-splitting (TSPS) mechanism for information transmission. The communication protocol is divided into two phases. The purpose of the first phase is to decode information, and energy harvesting (EH) is performed in accordance with the TSPS protocol. The purpose of the second phase is to transmit information to multiple destinations using the amplify-and-forward (AF) technique. In this study, we introduce a multirelay cooperative scheme (MRCS) to improve the secrecy performance. We derive analytical expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the MRCS and that of the noncooperative relay scheme (NCRS) by using the statistical characteristics of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Specifically, we propose an optimal relay selection scheme to guarantee the security of the system for the MRCS. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to confirm the accuracy of our analysis based on simulations of the secrecy performance under various system parameters, such as the positions and number of ERs, the EH time, and the EH efficiency coefficients. Finally, the simulation results show that the secrecy performance of our MRCS is higher than that of the NCRS and the traditional cooperative relay scheme (TCRS).
This paper investigates secure communications of energy harvesting untrusted relay networks, where the destination assists jamming signal to prevent the untrusted relay from eavesdropping and to improve the forwarding ability of the energy constrained relay. Firstly, the source and the destination transmit the signals to the relay with maximal ratio transmission (MRT) technique or transmit antenna selection (TAS) technique. Then, the destination utilizes maximal ratio combining (MRC) technique or receive antenna selection (RAS) technique to receive the forwarded information. Therefore, four transmission and reception schemes are considered. For each scheme, the closed-form expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the connection outage probability (COP) are derived. Besides, the effective secrecy throughput (EST) metric is analyzed to achieve a good tradeoff between security and reliability. In addition, the asymptotic performance of EST is also considered at the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Finally, simulation results illustrate that: (1) the EST of the system with MRT and MRC scheme are superior to other schemes, however, in the high SNR regime, the EST of the system with MRT scheme is inferior to TAS; and (2) for the source node, there exists an optimal number of antennas to maximize the EST of the proposed schemes.
Nowadays, physical layer secrecy has become the new approach to enhance information security of wireless networks and have attracted the attention of lot of researchers in the world. This paper investigates the physical layer secrecy performance of radio frequency energy harvesting (RF-EH) networks over Rayleigh fading channels. The considered RF-EH system consists of multiple power transfer stations, one source and multiple destinations in the presence of multiple passive eavesdroppers. The best power transfer station and the best received signal at destination is selected among multiple power transfer stations and among multiple destinations respectively. By using statistical characteristics of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the exact closed-form expressions of existence probability of secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability are derived. Finally, simulation results confirm an agreement between our analysis and equivalent Monte-Carlo simulations.
In this study, we investigate the physical layer secrecy performance of RF energy harvesting (EH) networks over Rayleigh fading channels. The RF-EH system considered here consists of one power transfer station, one source, one destination, and multiple passive eavesdroppers. The source harvests energy from the power transfer station and transmits the information to the destination by using a time switching-based relaying protocol. The eavesdroppers try to extract the transmitted information without an active attack. By using the statistical characteristics of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the exact closed-form expressions of the existence probability of the secrecy capacity and the secrecy outage probability are derived. Further, we analyze the secrecy performance of the system with respect to various system parameters, such as the location of the system elements and the number of eavesdroppers. Finally, the equivalent Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to confirm the correctness of our calculations.
The broadcast nature of the wireless medium allows unintended users to eavesdrop on confidential information transmission. In this regard, we investigate the problem of secure communication between a source and a destination via a wireless energy harvesting untrusted node that acts as a helper to relay the information; however, the source and destination nodes wish to keep the information confidential from the relay node. To realize the positive secrecy rate, we use destination-assisted jamming. Being an energy-starved node, the untrusted relay harvests energy from the received radio-frequency (RF) signals, which include the source's information signal and the destination's jamming signal. Thus, we utilize the jamming signal efficiently by leveraging it as a useful energy source. At the relay, to enable energy harvesting and information processing, we adopt power splitting (PS) and time switching (TS) policies. To evaluate the secrecy performance of this proposed scenario, we derive analytical expressions for two important metrics, viz., the secrecy outage probability and the ergodic secrecy rate. The numerical analysis reveals design insights into the effects of different system parameters such as PS ratio, energy harvesting time, target secrecy rate, transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), relay location, and energy conversion efficiency factor, on secrecy performance. Specifically, the PS policy achieves better optimal secrecy outage probability and optimal ergodic secrecy rate than that of the TS policy at higher target secrecy rate and transmit SNR, respectively.