Quantum entanglement of pair of particles is now an established fact as described in [1]. But its theoretical explanation is yet to be found. So this letter attempts to propose one possible explanation, based on the previous works. In a paper titled: “Some conjectures on the nature of energy and matter ” [2], and its latest version titled: “ On the emergence of physical world from the ultimate reality ” [3] it was proposed that „space ‟ or „vacuum ‟ can be viewed as a „super flexible continuum (SFC), and „particles ‟ of „matter ‟ as „spherical standing wave patterns ‟ of fluctuations generated in SFC. Einstein tried to do-away with ether in his special theory of relativity, but when he had to assign curvature to space, he told: " Well, in that sense, there exists an ether " But majority of scientists still stick to emptiness of space, and are facing understanding observations like quantum entanglement and collapse of the quantum-mechanical wave-function. In this manuscript space is assumed to be a super-flexible-continuum, and you will find that it helps gaining an insight into the quantum entanglement and collapse of q-m wave-function. Since, in a continuum, when a labeled dot moves from point A to A‟, as shown in the figure1 here, the point B behind it has to move from B to B‟; and this chain of displacements has to complete a closed circular path, whose radius can be as small as a few nano-meters or as large as
Quantum entanglement of pair of particles is now an established fact as described in [1]. But its theoretical explanation is yet to be found. So this letter attempts to propose one possible explanation, based on the previous works. In a paper titled: “Some conjectures on the nature of energy and matter ” [2], and its latest version titled: “ On the emergence of physical world from the ultimate reality ” [3] it was proposed that „space ‟ or „vacuum ‟ can be viewed as a „super flexible continuum (SFC), and „particles ‟ of „matter ‟ as „spherical standing wave patterns ‟ of fluctuations generated in SFC. Einstein tried to do-away with ether in his special theory of relativity, but when he had to assign curvature to space, he told: " Well, in that sense, there exists an ether " But majority of scientists still stick to emptiness of space, and are facing understanding observations like quantum entanglement and collapse of the quantum-mechanical wave-function. In this manuscript space is assumed to be a super-flexible-continuum, and you will find that it helps gaining an insight into the quantum entanglement and collapse of q-m wave-function. Since, in a continuum, when a labeled dot moves from point A to A‟, as shown in the figure1 here, the point B behind it has to move from B to B‟; and this chain of displacements has to complete a closed circular path, whose radius can be as small as a few nano-meters or as large as
Albert Einstein discovered that, two particles originated from the same source, when thestate of one changes, that ofthe other will change at the same time, no matter how far they are apart from each other. This phenomenon violates the special theory of relativity that was originated by himself. Later on he extended special relativity to general relativity, hoping to solve this problem, but with little success. In this paper, we are trying to elaborate more about our space central view of the phenomenon, wethen relate it tomore broad understanding of social and culture stories such as crimerate cycle, meditation power, super nature spiritual stories from ancient tombs around the world. We name it Super Natural Relativity.
Albert Einstein found that, for two particles coming from the same source, when the state of one changes, that of the other may change at the same time, no matter how far they are apart from each other.This superluminal phenomenon totally violates the special theory of relativity which says nothing's speed exceeds the limit of light speed, what's more, as of today, nobody has made a satisfying explanation of this strange phenomenon, not even Einstein's own general relativity.We bring forward our novel view of this long pending dilemma based on the observations of the latest physical lab reports and by summarizing various theories of information, computer science, communications, religion and physics itself.We call it Super General Relativity for now.
When two or more systems exhibit correlations that are stronger than those that can be explained traditionally, notwithstanding their spatial separation, this phenomenon is known as quantum entanglement. It is regarded as a key component of upcoming quantum technologies and one of the distinctive qualities of quantum physics. The transverse spatial degree of freedom in photonic experiments gives enormous opportunity to investigate different fascinating properties of light. This thesis has therefore focused on the photonic entanglement of transverse spatial formations in order to better explore the nature of quantum entanglement. The orbital angular momentum of photons is an intriguing characteristic caused by their spatial mode structure. Surprisingly, the maximum number of orbital angular momentum quanta that a single photon may carry is unbounded theoretically. As a result, it seems like a good candidate for evaluating photonic entanglement of macroscopic values. It may also add to discussions on macroscopicity and a potential breakdown of quantum mechanics beyond a certain point. Quantum entanglement is a fascinating phenomenon that lies at the heart of quantum mechanics, challenging our traditional understanding of the physical world. This paper aims to provide an overview of quantum entanglement, its experimental verification, and the implications it has on our comprehension of reality. By delving into its theoretical underpinnings and discussing the ongoing debates, we seek to answer the question: Does quantum entanglement make sense?
This paper re-opens the debate on the failure of quantum mechanics to provide an understandable view of micro-reality. A critique is offered of the commonly accepted ‘Copenhagen Interpretation’ of a theory that is only a mathematical approach to the level of reality characterized by atoms and electrons. This critique is based on the oldest approach to thinking about nature for over 2500 years, known as Natural Philosophy. Quantum mechanics (QM) was developed over the first quarter of the 20th Century, when scientists were enthralled by a new philosophy known as Positivism, whose foundations were based on the assumption that material objects exist only when measured by humans – this central assumption conflates epistemology (knowledge) with ontology (existence). The present critique rejects this human-centered view of reality by assuming material reality has existed long before (and will persist long after) human beings (“Realism”). The defensive view that the micro-world is too different to understand using regular thinking (and only a mathematical approach is possible) is rejected totally. At least 12 earlier QM interpretations are critically analyzed, indicating the broad interest in “what does QM mean?” The standard theory of quantum mechanics is thus constructed on only how the micro-world appears to macro measurements - as such, it cannot offer any view of how the foundations of the world are acting when humans are not observing it - this has generated almost 100 years of confusion and contradiction at the very heart of physics. Significantly, we live in a world that is not being measured by scientists but is interacting with itself and with us. QM has failed to provide explanations: only recipes (meaningless equations), not insights. Physics has returned to the pre-Newtonian world of Ptolemaic phenomenology: only verifiable numbers without real understanding. The focus needs to be on an explicit linkage between the micro-world, when left to itself, and our mental models of this sphere of material reality, via the mechanism of measurement. This limits the role of measurement to confirming our mental models of reality but never confusing these with a direct image of ‘the thing in itself’. This implies a deep divide between reality and appearances, as Kant suggested. This paper includes an original analysis of several major assumptions that have been implicit in Classical Mechanics (CM) that were acceptable in the macroscopic domain of reality, demonstrated by its proven successes. Unfortunately, only a few of these assumptions were challenged by the developers of QM. We now show that these other assumptions are still generating confusions in the interpretation of QM and blocking further progress in the understanding of the microscopic domain. Several of these flawed assumptions were introduced by Newton to support the use of continuum mathematics as a model of nature. This paper proposes that it is the attempt to preserve continuum mathematics (especially calculus), which drives much of the mystery and confusion behind all attempts at understanding quantum mechanics. The introduction of discrete mathematics is proposed to help analyze the discrete interactions between the quintessential quantum objects: the electrons and their novel properties. A related paper demonstrates that it is possible to create a point-particle theory of electrons that explains all their peculiar (and ‘paradoxical’) behavior using only physical hypotheses and discrete mathematics without introducing the continuum mathematical ideas of fields or waves. Another (related) paper proves that all the known results for the hydrogen atom can also be exactly calculated from this new perspective with the discrete mathematics. * Surrey, B.C. Canada (604) 542-2299 spsi99@telus.net Version 2.015 08-05-2017 Begun 23-06-2008 {pp. 82, 70.2 Kw; 800 KB}
This paper re-opens the debate on the failure of quantum mechanics to provide an understandable view of micro-reality. A critique is offered of the commonly accepted ‘Copenhagen Interpretation’ of a theory that is only a mathematical approach to the level of reality characterized by atoms and electrons. This critique is based on the oldest approach to thinking about nature for over 2500 years, known as Natural Philosophy. Quantum mechanics (QM) was developed over the first quarter of the 20th Century, when scientists were enthralled by a new philosophy known as Positivism, whose foundations were based on the assumption that material objects exist only when measured by humans – This central assumption conflates epistemology (knowledge) with ontology (existence). The present critique rejects this human-centered view of reality by assuming material reality has existed long before (and will persist long after) human beings (“Realism”). The defensive view that the micro-world is too different to understand using regular thinking (and only a mathematical approach is possible) is rejected totally. At least 12 earlier QM interpretations are critically analyzed, indicating the broad interest in “what does QM mean?” The standard theory of quantum mechanics is thus constructed on only how the micro-world appears to macro measurements - as such, it cannot offer any view of how the foundations of the world are acting when humans are not observing it - this has generated almost 100 years of confusion and contradiction at the very heart of physics. Significantly, we live in a world that is not being measured by scientists but is interacting with itself and with us. QM has failed to provide explanations: only recipes (meaningless equations), not insights. Physics has returned to the pre-Newtonian world of Ptolemaic phenomenology: only verifiable numbers without real understanding. The focus needs to be on an explicit linkage between the micro-world, when left to itself, and our mental models of this sphere of material reality, via the mechanism of measurement. This limits the role of measurement to confirming our mental models of reality but never confusing these with a direct image of ‘the thing in itself’. This implies a deep divide between reality and appearances. This paper proposes that it is the attempt to preserve continuum mathematics (especially calculus), which drives much of the mystery and confusion behind all attempts to understand quantum mechanics. The introduction of discrete mathematics is proposed to help analyze the discrete interactions between the quintessential quantum objects: the electrons and their novel properties. Additionally, several hidden major assumptions have been present in Classical Mechanics (represented by continuum mathematics) since its inception by Newton that are blocking progress and understanding of quantum mechanics. A related paper demonstrates that it is possible to create a point-particle theory of electrons that explains all their peculiar (and ‘paradoxical’) behavior without introducing the continuum mathematical ideas of fields or waves. * Surrey, B.C. Canada (604) 542-2299 spsi99@telus.net Version 1.195 10-07-2016 Begun 23-06-2008 {pp. 80, 70.4 Kw; 800 KB}
Quantum Systems
Quantum entanglement occurs when two separate entities become strongly linked in a way that cannot be explained by classical physics; it is a powerful resource in quantum communication protocols and advanced technologies that aim to exploit the enhanced capabilities of quantum systems. To date, entanglement has generally been limited to microscopic quantum units such as pairs or multiples of single ions, atoms, photons, and so on. Kotler et al. and Mercier de Lepinay et al. demonstrate the ability to extend quantum entanglement to massive macroscopic systems (see the Perspective by Lau and Clerk). Entanglement of two mechanical oscillators on such a large length and mass scale is expected to find widespread use in both applications and fundamental physics to probe the boundary between the classical and quantum worlds.
Science , this issue p. [622][1], p. [625][2]; see also p. [570][3]
[1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abf2998
[2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abf5389
[3]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abh3419