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Time & matter : Venice, Italy, 11-17 August 2002 : proceedings of the International Colloquium on the Science of Time

I. I. Bigi, M. Faessler

Published Jan 1, 2006• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Time and matter are the most fundamental concepts in physics and in any science-based description of the world around us. Quantum theory has, however, revealed many novel insights into these concepts in non-relativistic, relativistic and cosmological contexts. The implications of these novel perspectives have been realized and, in particular, probed experimentally only recently.In the papers in this proceedings, these issues are discussed in a truly interdisciplinary fashion from philosophical and historical perspectives. The leading contributors, including Nobel laureates T W Hansch and G t' Hooft, address both experimental and theoretical issues.

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In the previous chapters, we have made an imaginary travel in a ship which we might call “time” for analyzing how this concept is present in the physical theories which describe our world and the diverse interactions which make possible its existence as we perceive it under our notion of reality. We have traveled from the submicroscopic scale—requiring a quantum description— up to the cosmological dimensions where gravity acquires a crucial role distorting the space-time of the special relativity theory. In this chapter, we discuss some of the most recent publications related to physical theories about time, starting with the cellular automation interpretation of quantum mechanics (QM) formulated by Gerard’t Hooft, where information loss is considered as the cause of the time-reversal asymmetry. Then we continue with the thermal time hypothesis of Carlo Rovelli, who asserts that it is possible to formulate classical mechanics in a way in which the time variable is treated on equal footing as other physical variables, and not considered as a special and independent variable. Afterward, we analyze theories which propose quantization of time, and then continue with the discussion of proposed time operators for non-relativistic and relativistic QM. At the end of that section, we discuss theories related with time in quantum gravity and then we briefly explore in the physics of time travel.

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This conference proceedings would be of interest to theoretical and experimental physicists in the areas of foundations of physics, nature of time, foundations of quantum mechanics, quantum measurement, quantum computation. Philosophers of science and physics. Retrocausation, the process whereby the future affects its past, is central to the modern movement to understand the fundamental physical nature of time. This conference volume presents the most recent theoretical and experimental results at the forefront of the nascent field of physical chronology.

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More than a century after the beginning of the quantum revolution, historians continue to explore new facets in the history of quantum physics, and to re-examine some of its better-known aspects. The thirteen papers collected in this volume, by authors from five continents, present central trends in the current study of quantum physics within its theoretical, experimental, philosophical, technological and social contexts. They discuss developments from the late nineteenth to the early twenty-first century and go beyond the traditional focus on Europe and North America to include China and Japan, and beyond the Heisenbergs and Diracs to reveal the role of actors who hitherto have played only a marginal role in historical account, but left their mark on the development of quantum physics. Also a wider array of subdisciplines comes into view, from optics to quantum gravity through quantum electrodynamics, from atomic and nuclear to condense matter physics and foundations of physics. Moreover, the volume shows that fields such as dispersion, physical chemistry and solid state physics should not be seen merely as areas of applications of ideas that evolved in other contexts, but should be regarded as birthplaces of important theoretical insights. The perspective of the papers ranges from local histories to global discussions, from conceptual changes via the role of experimentation to interactions with social and technological forces and to the interpretation of the theory.

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The theory of Quantum Mechanics is one of the mainstay of modern physics, a well-established mathematical clockwork whose strength and accuracy in predictions are currently experienced in worldwide research laboratories. As a matter of fact, Quantum Mechanics laid the groundwork of a rich variety of studies ranging from solid state physics to cosmology, from bio-physics to particle physics. The up-to-date ability of manipulating single quantum states is paving the way for emergent quantum technologies as quantum information and computation, quantum communication, quantum metrology and quantum imaging. In spite of the impressive matemathical capacity, a long-standing debate is even revolving around the foundational axioms of this theory, the main bones of content being the non-local effects of entangled states, the wave function collapse and the concept of measurement in Quantum Mechanics, the macro-objectivation problem (the transition from a microscopic probabilistic world to a macroscopic deterministic world described by classical mechanics). Problems that, beyond their fundamental interest in basic science, now also concern the impact of these developing technologies. Without claiming to be complete, this article provides in outline the living matter concerning some of these problems, the implications of which extend deeply on the connection between entanglement and space-time structure.

EPJ Web of Conferences•Jan 1, 2013•1 citation
Time and matter are the most fundamental concepts in physics and in any science-based description of the world around us. Quantum theory has, however, revealed many novel insights into these concepts in non-relativistic, relativistic and cosmological contexts. The implications of these novel perspectives have been realized and, in particular, probed experimentally only recently.In the papers in this proceedings, these issues are discussed in a truly interdisciplinary fashion from philosophical and historical perspectives. The leading contributors, including Nobel laureates T W Hansch and G t' Hooft, address both experimental and theoretical issues.
In the previous chapters, we have made an imaginary travel in a ship which we might call “time” for analyzing how this concept is present in the physical theories which describe our world and the diverse interactions which make possible its existence as we perceive it under our notion of reality. We have traveled from the submicroscopic scale—requiring a quantum description— up to the cosmological dimensions where gravity acquires a crucial role distorting the space-time of the special relativity theory. In this chapter, we discuss some of the most recent publications related to physical theories about time, starting with the cellular automation interpretation of quantum mechanics (QM) formulated by Gerard’t Hooft, where information loss is considered as the cause of the time-reversal asymmetry. Then we continue with the thermal time hypothesis of Carlo Rovelli, who asserts that it is possible to formulate classical mechanics in a way in which the time variable is treated on equal footing as other physical variables, and not considered as a special and independent variable. Afterward, we analyze theories which propose quantization of time, and then continue with the discussion of proposed time operators for non-relativistic and relativistic QM. At the end of that section, we discuss theories related with time in quantum gravity and then we briefly explore in the physics of time travel.
The foundations of quantum mechanics has acquired tremendous importance in recent years for three reasons: First, a large number of experiments have tested concepts which previously were purely theoretical. Second, ideas from the foundations of quantum mechanics are being applied now to many fields such as condensed matter physics, quantum statistics, quantum cosmology and quantum gravity. Third, difficulties in constructing a quantum cosmology and theory of gravity have made many theorists examine the foundations of quantum theory to see if quantum mechanics itself needs to be modified. Very distinguished physicists from around the world gave talks on their recent research on a variety of theoretical and experimental aspects on these subjects at this conference.
New Perspectives on Fundamental Problems in Quantum Mechanics: Theory of Measurement Macroscopic Interpretability of Quantum Subsystems Objective Background for Quantum Theory Operational Probability Theory (OPT) and Conditional Probabilities Entanglement and Non-Locality Wave-Particle Duality, Double Slit Experiments Complementarity Operational Definition of Observables Simulation of Quantum Features De Broglie-Bohm Model Interdisciplinary Issues: Parastatistics in Econophysics Propositions in Classical and Quantum Physics Statistical Criticism of the Double Slit Experiment Chemical Valence as Relational Property Quantum Computer View (QCV) at the Planck Scale Historical, Philosophical and Epistemological Inquiries: The First Steps of Quantum Electrodynamics Electromagnetism and Quantum Physics Mathematics and Epistemology in Planck's Work Logic and Mathematics in Heisenberg's Formulation Reality and Nanotechnologies Non-Empirically Decidable Properties in Modern Physics Computability of Physical Theories Entrance of Quantum Mechanics in Italy Gramsci and Quantum Mechanics Italic Tradition on the Question of Physical Objectivity.
This conference proceedings would be of interest to theoretical and experimental physicists in the areas of foundations of physics, nature of time, foundations of quantum mechanics, quantum measurement, quantum computation. Philosophers of science and physics. Retrocausation, the process whereby the future affects its past, is central to the modern movement to understand the fundamental physical nature of time. This conference volume presents the most recent theoretical and experimental results at the forefront of the nascent field of physical chronology.
More than a century after the beginning of the quantum revolution, historians continue to explore new facets in the history of quantum physics, and to re-examine some of its better-known aspects. The thirteen papers collected in this volume, by authors from five continents, present central trends in the current study of quantum physics within its theoretical, experimental, philosophical, technological and social contexts. They discuss developments from the late nineteenth to the early twenty-first century and go beyond the traditional focus on Europe and North America to include China and Japan, and beyond the Heisenbergs and Diracs to reveal the role of actors who hitherto have played only a marginal role in historical account, but left their mark on the development of quantum physics. Also a wider array of subdisciplines comes into view, from optics to quantum gravity through quantum electrodynamics, from atomic and nuclear to condense matter physics and foundations of physics. Moreover, the volume shows that fields such as dispersion, physical chemistry and solid state physics should not be seen merely as areas of applications of ideas that evolved in other contexts, but should be regarded as birthplaces of important theoretical insights. The perspective of the papers ranges from local histories to global discussions, from conceptual changes via the role of experimentation to interactions with social and technological forces and to the interpretation of the theory.
The theory of Quantum Mechanics is one of the mainstay of modern physics, a well-established mathematical clockwork whose strength and accuracy in predictions are currently experienced in worldwide research laboratories. As a matter of fact, Quantum Mechanics laid the groundwork of a rich variety of studies ranging from solid state physics to cosmology, from bio-physics to particle physics. The up-to-date ability of manipulating single quantum states is paving the way for emergent quantum technologies as quantum information and computation, quantum communication, quantum metrology and quantum imaging. In spite of the impressive matemathical capacity, a long-standing debate is even revolving around the foundational axioms of this theory, the main bones of content being the non-local effects of entangled states, the wave function collapse and the concept of measurement in Quantum Mechanics, the macro-objectivation problem (the transition from a microscopic probabilistic world to a macroscopic deterministic world described by classical mechanics). Problems that, beyond their fundamental interest in basic science, now also concern the impact of these developing technologies. Without claiming to be complete, this article provides in outline the living matter concerning some of these problems, the implications of which extend deeply on the connection between entanglement and space-time structure.