Nonexponential decay law of unstable multilevel quantum-systems at long times (量子系およびマクロ系におけるカオスと非線形動力学)

Manabu Miyamoto

W. Garczyński

Manabu Miyamoto

The long-time behavior of the survival probability for unstable multilevel systems that follows the power-decay law is studied based on the $N$-level Friedrichs model, and is shown to depend on the initial population in unstable states. A special initial state maximizing the asymptote of the survival probability at long times is found and examined by considering the spontaneous-emission process for the hydrogen atom interacting with the electromagnetic field.

Dariusz Chruściński, Andrzej Kossakowski

Manabu Miyamoto

この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。

Alec Cao, Cora J. Fujiwara, Roshan Sajjad +3 more

Abstract Exponential decay laws describe systems ranging from unstable nuclei to fluorescent molecules, in which the probability of jumping to a lower-energy state in any given time interval is static and history-independent. These decays, involving only a metastable state and fluctuations of the quantum vacuum, are the most fundamental nonequilibrium process and provide a microscopic model for the origins of irreversibility. Despite the fact that the apparently universal exponential decay law has been precisely tested in a variety of physical systems, it is a surprising truth that quantum mechanics requires that spontaneous decay processes have nonexponential time dependence at both very short and very long times. Cold-atom experiments have proven to be powerful probes of fundamental decay processes; in this article, we propose the use of Bose condensates in Floquet–Bloch bands as a probe of long-time nonexponential decay in single isolated emitters. We identify a range of parameters that should enable observation of long-time deviations and experimentally demonstrate a key element of the scheme: tunable decay between quasi-energy bands in a driven optical lattice.