FOREWORD by N. Bloembergen NONLINEAR OPTICS Channeling of atoms in a standing laser light wave by V.I. Balykin et al. Optical nonlinearities and the Kerr effect in phaseonium by U. Rathe et al. Spectroscopic studies in the far ultraviolet (80-200nm) using nonlinear tunable sources by B.P. Stoicheff CARS in plasma physics by M. Lefebvre et al. Velocity distribution of electrons for tunnel ionization by a light field with polar asymmetry by N.B. Baranova and B. Ya Zel'dovich NONLINEAR OPTICS IN CONDENSED MEDIA Hot carriers in semiconductors studied via picosecond optical nonlinearities in the infrared by T. Elsasser and W. Kaiser Non-local time-resolved spectroscopy-tracking of polariton pulses in crystals by Ch Flytzanis et al. Self trapping of optical beams in photorefractive media by M. Segev et al. Solitons in quantum nonlinear optics by R.Y. Chiao et al. Femtosecond dynamics of third-order nonlinearities in polythiophenes by A Cybo-Ottone et al. NEW DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGY Nonlinear generation of sub-psec pulses of THz electromagnetic radiation by optoelectronics-applications to time-domain spectroscopy by D. Grischkowsky Novel nonlinear optical techniques for studying chiral molecules of biological importance by N.I. Koroteev Coupled nonlinear cavities: new avenues to ultrashort pulses by F. Mitschke et al. Transverse rotating waves in nonlinear optical systems with spatial and temporal delay by N.G. Iroshnikov and M.A. Vorontsov The effect of intraspectral harmonics correlation of broad-band fields on the excitation of quantum resonance systems by A.M. Bonch-Bruevich and S.B. Przhibelskii Injection-locked femtosecond parametric oscillators in LBO crystals by V.M. Gordienko et al. INDEX
FOREWORD by N. Bloembergen NONLINEAR OPTICS Channeling of atoms in a standing laser light wave by V.I. Balykin et al. Optical nonlinearities and the Kerr effect in phaseonium by U. Rathe et al. Spectroscopic studies in the far ultraviolet (80-200nm) using nonlinear tunable sources by B.P. Stoicheff CARS in plasma physics by M. Lefebvre et al. Velocity distribution of electrons for tunnel ionization by a light field with polar asymmetry by N.B. Baranova and B. Ya Zel'dovich NONLINEAR OPTICS IN CONDENSED MEDIA Hot carriers in semiconductors studied via picosecond optical nonlinearities in the infrared by T. Elsasser and W. Kaiser Non-local time-resolved spectroscopy-tracking of polariton pulses in crystals by Ch Flytzanis et al. Self trapping of optical beams in photorefractive media by M. Segev et al. Solitons in quantum nonlinear optics by R.Y. Chiao et al. Femtosecond dynamics of third-order nonlinearities in polythiophenes by A Cybo-Ottone et al. NEW DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGY Nonlinear generation of sub-psec pulses of THz electromagnetic radiation by optoelectronics-applications to time-domain spectroscopy by D. Grischkowsky Novel nonlinear optical techniques for studying chiral molecules of biological importance by N.I. Koroteev Coupled nonlinear cavities: new avenues to ultrashort pulses by F. Mitschke et al. Transverse rotating waves in nonlinear optical systems with spatial and temporal delay by N.G. Iroshnikov and M.A. Vorontsov The effect of intraspectral harmonics correlation of broad-band fields on the excitation of quantum resonance systems by A.M. Bonch-Bruevich and S.B. Przhibelskii Injection-locked femtosecond parametric oscillators in LBO crystals by V.M. Gordienko et al. INDEX
Light Propagation: From Atomic to Nuclear Quantim Optics (J Evers et al.) Relativistic High-Order Harmonic Generation (M C Kohler & K Z Hatsagortsyan) Entangled Light and Matter Waves via Non-linear Interactions (M Macovei et al.) Irreversible Photon Transfer in an Ensemble of Λ-Type Atoms and Photon Diode (G Nikoghosyan & M Fleischhauer) Dissipative Chaos in Quantum Distributions (T V Gevorgyan et al.) Frequency Chirped Laser Pulses in Atomic Physics: Coherent Control of Inner and Translational Quantum States (G P Djotyan et al.) Strongly Correlated Quantum Dynamics of Multimode Light Coupled to a Two-Level Atom in a Cavity (T Kumar et al.) Feedback-Driven Adiabatic Quantum Dynamics (A E Allahverdyan & G Mahler) Landau-Zener Transition in Nonlinear Quantum System (A M Ishkhanyan) Photonic and Electronic Phenomena in Structured Media: Multiple Interactions in Multilayered Structures of Nonlinear Materials (D A Antonosyan & G Yu Kryuchkyan) Integrated Photonic Device Structures with Nano-Scale Features: For Sensitive Applications (R M De La Rue) One-, Two-Electronic and Excitonic States in a Quantum Dots with Nontrivial Geometries: Adiabatic Description (K G Dvoyan et al.) Plannar Plasmonic Structures and Non-linear Metal-Dielectric Subwavelength Waveguides (A R Davoyan et al.) Computer Algebra Study of Structural and Symmetry Properties of Discrete Dynamical Systems (V V Kornyak) Exotic Few-Body Bound States in a Lattice (D Petrosyan & M Valiente) Slow Light and Phase Transition in the Array of Atomic Polaritons (I O Barinov et al.) Nonlinear Optical Effects and Spectroscopy: Formation of Narrow Optical Resonances Using Submicron-Thin Atomic Vapor Layers (D Sarkisyan & A Papoyan) Modelling Magneto-Optical Resonances in Atomic Rubidium at D1 Excitation in Extremely Thin Cells While Maintaining a Self-Consistent Set of Theoretical Parameters (L Kalvans et al.) Laser Isotope Separation in Atomic Vapour. Photo-Chemical Method vs Photo-Ionization One (P A Bokhan et al.) Two-Dimensional Confined Terahertz Wave Propagation in Gap Plasmon Waveguide Formed by Two Cyclindrical Surfaces (Yu H Avetisyan et al.) Broadband Similariton: Features and Applications (A Zeytunyan et al.).
The aim of this book is to present new results in rapidly developing fields of nonlinear optics such as atomic coherence, magneto-optics of atomic media, Doppler-free spectroscopy, time-domain spectroscopy of dense atomic vapors, frequency comb spectroscopy and atom-surface interactions. The discovery of such coherent effects as coherent population trapping (CPT), electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) opened a new avenue for development in many fields of nonlinear optics. Investigations during the last decade have shown many related new results and approaches in nonlinear optics. These include nonlinear magneto-optical processes (NMOP) in the context of high precision magnetometry, quantum information storage and processing, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic particle detection; the use of ultra-thin (nanometric length) atomic vapor cells in magneto-optical experiments, which show new peculiarities of both coherent effects and NMOP; the use of frequency and amplitude modulated laser beams for NMOP studies in atomic vapors with the aim of extending the range of ultra-precise magnetometers to stronger, particularly geomagnetic fields; application of the counter-propagating beam technique to reveal the Doppler free nonlinear Faraday rotation signals, as a spectroscopic tool and for applications; enhanced nonlinearity due to atomic coherence in multi-state systems; experimental study of EIT in solids; the use of the phase stabilized frequency domain combs of femtosecond laser pulses for velocity selective optical pumping of atomic hyperfine levels, as a direct frequency comb spectroscopy; time-domain nonlinear spectroscopy of dense atomic vapors; atom-surface interactions and laser induced adsorption and desorption of alkali atoms on the surface of solid materials for nanotechnology applications
The present thesis is devoted to theoretical studies of pulse propagation of light through linear and nonlinear media, and of light-induced nuclear dynamics. The first part of the thesis addresses propagation of light pulses in linear periodical media - photonic crystals. The main accent was put on studies of the angular properties of two qualitatively different types of photonic crystals: holographic photonic crystals, and impurity band based photonic crystals. The anisotropy of band structure, group velocity and pulse delay with respect to the light polarization are analyzed. In the second part of the thesis a strict theory of nonlinear propagation of a few strong interacting light beams is presented. The key idea of this approach is a self-consistent solution of the nonlinear wave equation and the density matrix equations of the material. This technique is applied to studies of dynamics of cavityless lasing generated by ultra-fast multi-photon excitation. It is shown that interaction of co- and counter-propagating pulses of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) affects the dynamics and efficiency of nonlinear conversion. Our dynamical theory allows to explain the asymmetric spectral properties of the forward and backward ASE pulses, which were observed in recent experiment with different dye molecules. It is shown that the ASE spectral profile changes drastically when the pump intensity approaches the threshold level. The effect of the temporal self-pulsation of ASE is studied in detail. The third part of the thesis is devoted to light-induced nuclear dynamics. Time- and frequency-resolved X-ray spectroscopy of molecules driven by strong and coherent infrared (IR) pulses shows that the phase of the IR field strongly influences the trajectory of the nuclear wave packet, and hence, the X-ray spectrum. Such a dependence arises due to the interference of one (X-ray) and two-photon (X-ray + IR) excitation channels. The phase of the light influences the dynamics also when the Rabi frequency approaches the vibrational frequency, breaking down the rotating-wave approximation. The probe X-ray spectra are also sensitive to the delay time, the duration, and the shape of the pulses. The evolution of the nuclear wave packets in the dissociative core-excited state affects the dynamics of resonant Auger scattering from fixed-in-space molecules. One of the important dynamical effects is the atomic-like resonance which experiences electronic Doppler shift. We predict that the scattering of the Auger electrons by nearby atoms leads to new Doppler shifted resonances. These extra resonances show sharp maxima in the bond directions, which makes them very promising as probes for local molecular structure using energy and angular resolved electron-ion coincidence techniques. Our theory provides prediction of several new effects, but also results that are in good agreement with the available experimental data.
The four-wave mixing produced with two ultrashort phase-locked !-3! laser pulses propagating coherently in a two-level system in the infrared spectral region is shown to depend on the pulses relative phase. The Maxwell-Bloch equations are solved beyond the rotating-wave approximation to account for field frequencies which are largely detuned from the atomic resonance. The relative phase dominating the efficiency of the coupling to the 5! anti-Stokes Raman component is determined by sign of the total ac Stark shift induced in the system, in such a way that the phase influence disappears precisely where the ac Stark effect due to both pulses is compensated. This fundamental quantum interference effect can be the basis for nonlinear ultrafast optical spectroscopy techniques. Phenomena arising from the coherent control of nonlinear interactions are of importance in fields as diverse as optoelectronics and materials research, in high harmonic generation, in photoionization or molecular dissociation, and in biological applications such as spectroscopy and imaging, among others [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Optical quantum coherent control is based on the fact that the phases of interfering transition amplitudes in light-matter interactions can be controlled through the optical phase of coherent light sources that drive the interaction, in such a way that the transition rates to final states and the dynamics at various stages of the process can be modified [1]. In a recent paper [8], a theoretical investigation on the quantum coherent control of the optical transient four-wave mixing of two intense phase-locked femtosecond laser pulses of central angular frequencies ω and 3ω propagating in a two-level atom (TLA) was reported. It was shown how the nonlinear (χ (3) ) coupling to the antiStokes Raman field at frequency 5ω depends critically on the initial relative phase φ of the propagating pulses. In Ref. [8], the study was centered to intense pulses in the visible and ultraviolet spectral regions, with frequencies at resonance or lower than the atomic transition. The phenomena observed in [8], however, can be scaled to various laser and material parameters. In the infrared spectral range, for instance, experiments on ultrafast molecular dynamics are frequently performed by help of twocolor pump probe nonlinear spectroscopy techniques. In this type of studies, due to the high intensities inherent to ultrashort (subpicosecond) pulses, nonlinear effects such as stimulated Raman processes may become important and are often utilized as a complementary tool to gain information [9]. In this Letter, we address the conditions for quantum coherent control of transient four-wave mixing interactions with two phase-locked ω-3ω femtosecond laser pulses in the mid-IR spectral region. Our purpose is to reveal the basic physics for a strict two-level medium and to this end the Maxwell-Bloch TLA will be considered. We will study pulses with a duration of 300 fs (with a w 5w
The field of quantum optics has progressed rapidly in the last twenty five years with the advent of the laser. Over much of this period the phenomena studied could be described adequately by semiclassical treatments. Quite recently however, there has been a revival of interest in genuinely quantum mechanical effects. The Malvern Symposium of December 1985 brought together world experts for a meeting which concentrated largely on these quantum effects. The presentations in this unique meeting combine review material with the very latest results and so will be of value to students of quantum optics and measurement theory at all levels. The first articles cover the exciting topic of the generation of squeezed states of light in the laboratory, and their possible uses. Experimental success has been long sought and very recently attained. The reader will find presented the state of the art in this field. Next to lasing itself, optical bistability has been the most widely studied phenomenon in quantum optics, largely for its technological promise. However, it also provides a fundamental system to study quuantum effects. Recent theoretical studies of optical bistability with small numbers of atoms are surveyed. In such situations quantum features such as antibunching become significant, and the articles in this volume should be a guide to those venturing into this challenging area. In other articles discussions of fluctuations from other noise sources and instabilities in optical bistabilty are presented in a clear and interesting way. Perhaps the least classical state on quantum optics is that describing a single photon. Recent experiments which produce such states are reviewed. A theoretical review of the photon together with some new material is given which delves deeply into relativistic quantum field theory in order to describe the concept of weakly localised photon states. The material here is very rarely presented in the context of quantum optics. The history of the theory of the quantum fluctuations in a laser is then reviewed. An off-shoot of this theory is the study of quantum chaos in dissipative systems and recent results in this new area are given in a succeeding article. There are further stimulating articles on Rydberg atom systems and quantum electrodynamics. The volume ends with an entertaining and incisive study of quantum measurement problems, such as the Schrodinger cat papadox, using concepts and measuring devices found in quantum optics.other_titles
Partial table of contents: PART I: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND METHODS OF NONLINEAR OPTICS. Electromagnetic Fields. Classical Description. The Quantized Free Radiation Field. Interaction Between Radiation and Matter. Semiclassical Description of Nonlinear Optics. Statistical and Coherence Properties of the Radiation Field and Their Measurement. Nonstationary Processes. PART II: EFFECTS AND PROCESSES OF NONLINEAR OPTICS. Nonlinear One--photon Processes in Lasers. Nonlinearities in Transient One--photon Processes. Nonlinearities and Qunatum Phenomena in Transient One--photon Processes. Multiphoton Absorption and Emission. Generation of Harmonics and Sum and Difference Frequencies. Parametric Amplification and Oscillation. Stimulated Raman Scattering. Optical Bistability. APPENDIX A: Compilation of Quantum--Theoretical Definitions and Relations. General References. Index.