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Pade approximant calculation of the singularity in the magnetic susceptibility of an ising square lattice

A.V. Ferris-Prabhu

Published Jun 1, 1965• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The Pade approximant method w a s applied to Clapp's spinspin correlation formulation for the magnetic susceptibility in an Ising square lattice, in order to investigate the nature of the critical point.For the exact cluster formulation it is found that as the cluster size increases, the critical point, namely the point at which the susceptibility has a singularity, approaches Onsager's exact value of 0.414, and that ~( t ) -?/( tt c ) .For the selfconsistent formulation, twenty Pade approximants were calculated.The value of the critical point converged very rapidly to 0.41862770 and it was found that X ( t ) l/(tt c ) .

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Physical Review•Nov 1, 1961•309 citations
The Pade approximant method w a s applied to Clapp's spinspin correlation formulation for the magnetic susceptibility in an Ising square lattice, in order to investigate the nature of the critical point.For the exact cluster formulation it is found that as the cluster size increases, the critical point, namely the point at which the susceptibility has a singularity, approaches Onsager's exact value of 0.414, and that ~( t ) -?/( tt c ) .For the selfconsistent formulation, twenty Pade approximants were calculated.The value of the critical point converged very rapidly to 0.41862770 and it was found that X ( t ) l/(tt c ) .
We use the Pad\'e approximant method to investigate the nature of the singularity in the specific heat for some three-dimensional Ising model lattices and to investigate the nature and location of the singularity in the magnetic susceptibility for some three-dimensional Heisenberg model lattices. We find that the three-dimensional Ising model specific heat becomes singular like $log|T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c}|$ with a different coefficient above and below the singular point. For the Heisenberg model we find that the magnetic susceptibility does not behave like the Curie-Weiss law, but tends to infinity more rapidly than $\frac{1}{(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c})}$.
We report results of the application of a recently proposed technique, which combines the cluster variation method (CVM) and Pad\'e approximants, to the analysis of the critical behavior of the face-centered-cubic Ising model. The highest-order CVM approximation ever considered for this lattice is used to estimate magnetization and susceptibility, which are then analyzed by means of Dlog Pad\'e approximants in order to extract information about the critical behavior, taking also into account the effects of confluent singularities. Our results are in good agreement with the most recent simulation and series expansion estimates and require a remarkably small numerical effort. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The zero·field susceptibility x ( T) of the antiferromagnet in the Ising square lattice with the symmetric interaction was evaluated by carrying out the lattice sum of the short · range correlation function X ( m, n) (O~m, n~4), which is exactly and explicitly calculated on the basis of a "generalized Wronskian " form with dimension m. It is naturally derived from the singularity of X(m, n) that the highest singularity of x ( T) (per site) near the critical temperature Tc is logarithmic as kB Tz ( T) =A + B(l- T/Tc)lnI1- T/Tcl, with A =0.1596264029 and B=0.2009359779 in the best approximation of the present calculation. Both A and B are completely equal below and above the critical temperature.
Starting from the high-temperature series for the susceptibility of the spin- 1 / 2 ferromagnetic Ising models-square, planar triangular, SC, BCC, FCC, diamond, and HSC in four, five and six dimensions-the authors analyse the analytical structure near the critical point of the susceptibility by writing it as a Laplace transform in the variable log (1-w/w c ), where w=tanh( beta J). The interest of the method is that the coalescing singularities which sit at w=w c are spread out and can be analysed separately, the first subdominant critical indices, appearing as stable poles of Pade approximants. They first recover the results for the two-dimensional models, with a high accuracy: gamma =1.74995 and gamma s =0.757. The most stable results in three dimensions are obtained for the diamond lattice: gamma =1.2506+or-0.0015 and gamma s =0.42+or-0.11. The other lattices give 0.10< gamma s <0.52. However, in all three-dimensional cases the amplitude of the subdominant singularity is less than a few per cent of the leading one. Therefore the uncertainties are large, but the subdominant singularity stays closer to the value Gamma -1=0.25 than to the field theoretical predicted one gamma s =0.75.
We investigate the complex-temperature singularities of the susceptibility of the 2D Ising model on a square lattice. From an analysis of low-temperature series expansions, we find evidence that, as one approaches the point u=u s =-1 (where u=e '4K ) from within the complex extensions of the FM or AFM phases, the susceptibility has a divergent singularity of the form X approximately A s '(1+u)(- gamma s ') with exponent gamma s '=3/2. The critical amplitude A s ' is calculated. Other critical exponents are found to be alpha s '= sigma s =0 and beta s = 1/4 , so that the scaling relation alpha s '+2 beta s + gamma s ' is satisfied. However, using exact results for beta s on the square, triangular, and honeycomb lattices, we show that universality is violated at this singularity: beta s is lattice-dependent. Finally, from an analysis of spin-spin correlation functions, we demonstrate that the correlation length and hence susceptibility are finite as one approaches the point u=-1 from within the symmetric phase. This is confirmed by an explicit study of high-temperature series expansions.
On the basis of the Pad\'e approximant method we deduce from the exact series expansions for the Ising model that the reduced magnetic susceptibility behaves at the critical point as ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{fcc}}\ensuremath{\approx}{[\frac{0.09923}{(0.101767\ensuremath{-}w)}]}^{\frac{5}{4}}$, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{bcc}}\ensuremath{\approx}{[\frac{0.152773}{(0.1561789\ensuremath{-}w)}]}^{\frac{5}{4}}$, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{sc}}\ensuremath{\approx}{[\frac{0.22138}{(0.218156\ensuremath{-}w}]}^{\frac{5}{4}}$, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{t}}\ensuremath{\approx}{[\frac{0.2432}{(2\ensuremath{-}\sqrt{3}\ensuremath{-}w)}]}^{\frac{7}{4}}$, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{sq}}\ensuremath{\approx}{[\frac{0.35724}{(\sqrt{2}\ensuremath{-}1\ensuremath{-}w)}]}^{\frac{7}{4}}$, and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{h}}\ensuremath{\approx}{[\frac{0.4506}{(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\ensuremath{-}w)}]}^{\frac{7}{4}}$, where w=tanh(JkT)w=tanh(\frac{J}{\mathrm{kT}})w=tanh(kTJ​) and the last figure quoted is somewhat uncertain. The spontaneous magnetization is found to behave as ${(\frac{{I}_{0}}{{I}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}})}_{\mathrm{fcc}}\ensuremath{\approx}{[12.5(0.664658\ensuremath{-}{z}^{2})]}^{0.3}$, ${(\frac{{I}_{0}}{{I}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}})}_{\mathrm{bcc}}\ensuremath{\approx}{[10.4(0.5326607\ensuremath{-}{z}^{2})]}^{0.3}$, ${(\frac{{I}_{0}}{{I}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}})}_{\mathrm{sc}}\ensuremath{\approx}{[10.9(0.411940\ensuremath{-}{z}^{2})]}^{0.3}$, where $z=\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{2J}{\mathrm{kT}})$ and again the last place quoted is somewhat uncertain. The numbers 54\frac{5}{4}45​ and 74\frac{7}{4}47​ have an error of at most ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, and 0.3 of at most ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The lattices referred to are fcc, face-centered cubic; bcc, body-centered cubic; sc, simple cubic; t, triangular; sq, simple quadratic; and h, honeycomb.