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Progress of Theoretical Physics

Antiferromagnetic Susceptibility and the Short-Range Correlation Function in the Ising Square Lattice

K. Yamada, Toshimichi Suzuki

Published Sep 1, 1986• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The zero·field susceptibility x ( T) of the antiferromagnet in the Ising square lattice with the symmetric interaction was evaluated by carrying out the lattice sum of the short · range correlation function X ( m, n) (O~m, n~4), which is exactly and explicitly calculated on the basis of a "generalized Wronskian " form with dimension m. It is naturally derived from the singularity of X(m, n) that the highest singularity of x ( T) (per site) near the critical temperature Tc is logarithmic as kB Tz ( T) =A + B(l- T/Tc)lnI1- T/Tcl, with A =0.1596264029 and B=0.2009359779 in the best approximation of the present calculation. Both A and B are completely equal below and above the critical temperature.

DOI
10.1143/ptp.76.613

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The zero·field susceptibility x ( T) of the antiferromagnet in the Ising square lattice with the symmetric interaction was evaluated by carrying out the lattice sum of the short · range correlation function X ( m, n) (Om, n4), which is exactly and explicitly calculated on the basis of a "generalized Wronskian " form with dimension m. It is naturally derived from the singularity of X(m, n) that the highest singularity of x ( T) (per site) near the critical temperature Tc is logarithmic as kB Tz ( T) =A + B(l- T/Tc)lnI1- T/Tcl, with A =0.1596264029 and B=0.2009359779 in the best approximation of the present calculation. Both A and B are completely equal below and above the critical temperature.
The first two terms in the expansion near TC{\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{C}}TC​ of the zero-field susceptibility of the antiferromagnetic square Ising lattice are known exactly. We have isolated the next four terms in this expansion by carrying out a differential-approximant analysis of Nickel's 55-term high-temperature ferromagnetic series with the variable v=tanhJ/kB{\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{B}}kB​T replaced by -v. The four new terms are found to vary as t, t2{\mathit{t}}^{2}t2ln\ensuremath{\Vert}t\ensuremath{\Vert}, t2{\mathit{t}}^{2}t2, and t3{\mathit{t}}^{3}t3ln\ensuremath{\Vert}t\ensuremath{\Vert} where t=1-TC{\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{C}}TC​/T and values for their respective coefficients are obtained. It is established that to order t3{\mathit{t}}^{3}t3ln\ensuremath{\Vert}t\ensuremath{\Vert}, there are no confluent singularities associated with irrelevant variables for this system. A direct extrapolation of Nickel's series coefficients is also carried out and found to be consistent with the present results.
Extended series expansions for the high temperature zero-field susceptibility of the Ising model are given in powers of the usual high temperature counting variable v=tanh K; for the triangular lattice to v 16 , for the square lattice to v 21 and for the honeycomb lattice to v 32 , inclusive. The asymptotic behaviour of the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic susceptibility is studied. It is concluded that the ferromagnetic singularity is not exactly factorizible. The antiferromagnetic susceptibility of the square and honeycomb lattices has a singularity of the same type as the energy at the antiferromagnetic critical temperature.
We have made substantial advances in elucidating the properties of the susceptibility of the square lattice Ising model. We discuss its analyticity properties, certain closed form expressions for subsets of the coefficients, and give an algorithm of complexity O(N6) to determine its first N coefficients. As a result, we have generated and analyzed series with more than 300 terms in both the high- and low-temperature regime. We quantify the effect of irrelevant variables to the scaling-amplitude functions. In particular, we find and quantify the breakdown of simple scaling, in the absence of irrelevant 1 scaling fields, arising first at order |T −Tc | 9/4, though high-low temperature symmetry is still preserved. At terms of order |T −Tc | 17/4 and beyond, this symmetry is no longer present. The short-distance terms are shown to have the form (T − Tc) p (log |T − Tc|) q with p ≥ q2. Conjectured exact expressions for some correlation functions and series coefficients in terms of elliptic theta functions also foreshadow future developments.
We investigate the complex-temperature singularities of the susceptibility of the 2D Ising model on a square lattice. From an analysis of low-temperature series expansions, we find evidence that, as one approaches the point u=u s =-1 (where u=e '4K ) from within the complex extensions of the FM or AFM phases, the susceptibility has a divergent singularity of the form X approximately A s '(1+u)(- gamma s ') with exponent gamma s '=3/2. The critical amplitude A s ' is calculated. Other critical exponents are found to be alpha s '= sigma s =0 and beta s = 1/4 , so that the scaling relation alpha s '+2 beta s + gamma s ' is satisfied. However, using exact results for beta s on the square, triangular, and honeycomb lattices, we show that universality is violated at this singularity: beta s is lattice-dependent. Finally, from an analysis of spin-spin correlation functions, we demonstrate that the correlation length and hence susceptibility are finite as one approaches the point u=-1 from within the symmetric phase. This is confirmed by an explicit study of high-temperature series expansions.
The Pade approximant method w a s applied to Clapp's spinspin correlation formulation for the magnetic susceptibility in an Ising square lattice, in order to investigate the nature of the critical point.For the exact cluster formulation it is found that as the cluster size increases, the critical point, namely the point at which the susceptibility has a singularity, approaches Onsager's exact value of 0.414, and that ~( t ) -?/( tt c ) .For the selfconsistent formulation, twenty Pade approximants were calculated.The value of the critical point converged very rapidly to 0.41862770 and it was found that X ( t ) l/(tt c ) .
We report computations of the short- and long-distance (scaling) contributions to the square-lattice Ising susceptibility. Both computations rely on summation of correlation functions, obtained using nonlinear partial difference equations. In terms of a temperature variable $\ensuremath{\tau}$, linear in ${T/T}_{c}\ensuremath{-}1$, the short-distance terms have the form ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{p}(\mathrm{ln}|\ensuremath{\tau}|{)}^{q}$ with $p\ensuremath{\ge}{q}^{2}$. A high- and low-temperature series of N=323N\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}323N=323 terms, generated using an algorithm of complexity O(N6)\mathrm{O}({N}^{6})O(N6), are analyzed to obtain the scaling part, which when divided by the leading $|\ensuremath{\tau}{|}^{\ensuremath{-}7/4}$ singularity contains only integer powers of $\ensuremath{\tau}$. Contributions of distinct irrelevant variables are identified and quantified at leading orders $|\ensuremath{\tau}{|}^{9/4}$ and $|\ensuremath{\tau}{|}^{17/4}$.